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| Ref | Variant | Methodology | Objective |
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| [33] | Hybrid GWO-HHO | Mutation-based GWO is used to update the bottom layer in the population, and HHO is used to find global optimal solution in the upper layer | To optimize the parameters of phase space reconstruction and kernel-based extreme ML algorithms to predict the wind speeds accurately |
| [34] | Modified HHO | To improve the exploration phase’s global search, the Levy flight is used to generate the ambiguous zigzag position of the prey once the hawk is deducted | To relieve the PV systems from the issue of mismatch power loss problems resulting due to the phenomenon of partial shading |
| [35] | Chaotic HHO | HHO is enhanced with ten chaotic functions to avoid local optima trapping of conventional HHO | To accurately estimate the proton exchange membrane fuel cell’s operating parameters that mimic and simulate its electrical performance |
| [36] | Improved HHO | Instead of random location, the rabbit location is used to find the optimal position | To find the location of distribution generation optimally in a radial distribution system to minimize the voltage deviation and total active power loss and also to increase the voltage stability index under several operational constraints |
| [14] | Diversification enhanced HHO (EHHO) | OBL is used in HHO to do a comprehensive search. The OBL is used to select each agent’s opposite position to select the optimal agent from the available pool, and its opposite agent will be treated as the next-generation agent in HHO | To identify the optimal agents and unknown parameters of modules of PV model |
| [37] | Hybrid of HHO and GOA | The ensemble of GOA-ANN and HHO-ANN is performed, and then, optimal of these two is found by a process known as sensitivity analysis | To optimize the artificial neural network for predicting SCC dataset |
| [38] | HHOSA | SA is used to optimize HHO and improve its global convergence | To optimize the design parameters of highway guardrail systems |
| [39] | HHO-FORM | The reliability index is formulated in the HHO-FORM model for a constrained optimization problem. Later, the exterior penalty methodology is used to handle the constraints. HHO determines the optimal reliability index to improve the convergence through the strategy of Levy Flight and population-based mechanism | To reduce the high dimensionality in designing and analyzing risks of structuring in civil engineering |
| [40] | HHO-minimum cross-entropy (MCE)-MCET-HHO | MCET is used as a fitness function in HHO for determining optimal thresholds to segment an image | To find the optimal configuration of thresholds for image processing |
| [41] | Hybrid WHHO | WOA is integrated with HHO to improve the convergence rate of HHO in obtaining global optimum | To classify brain tumor using MRI images |
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