Research Article

Application of Improved Manta Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm in Coverage Optimization of Wireless Sensor Networks

Table 3

Comparison of test results under different dimensions for function F1–F12.

FunctionAlgorithmD = 50D = 500

BestWorstAverageStdBestWorstAverageStd

F1BOA1.38E − 111.68E − 111.55E − 118.44E − 131.45E − 111.76E − 111.60E − 119.61E − 13
WOA1.08E − 791.32E − 637.38E − 652.86E − 649.70E − 812.86E − 611.11E − 625.23E − 62
SCA1.01 E+073.24 E+098.14 E+088.47E + 086.92E + 103.38E + 112.03E + 117.12E + 10
SSA01.20E − 604.01E − 622.19E − 611.74E − 2482.91E − 549.69E − 565.31E − 55
MRFO00000000
LGMRFO00000000

F2BOA6.27E + 749.03E + 898.05E + 882.18E + 89InfInfInfNaN
WOA4.34E − 1122.54E − 829.08E − 844.65E − 83InfInfInfNaN
SCA2.41E + 244.86E + 481.65E + 478.87E + 47InfInfInfNaN
SSA02.99E − 379.96E − 395.46E − 3807.82E − 442.61E − 451.43E − 44
MRFO00000000
LGMRFO00000000

F3BOA1.11E − 111.46E − 111.28E − 118.41E − 131.10E − 111.49E − 111.34E − 118.32E − 13
WOA6.01E + 041.47E + 059.47E + 041.83E + 041.54E + 061.86E + 061.64E + 066.22E + 04
SCA2.643E + 032.81E + 041.28E + 046.33E + 032.98E + 058.34E + 055.59E + 051.31E + 05
SSA5.52E − 1691.24E − 746.94E − 762.68E − 7501.48E − 614.95E − 632.71E − 62
MRFO00000000
LGMRFO00000000

F4BOA1.20E − 111.68E − 111.50E − 119.51E − 131.43E − 111.75E − 111.59E − 118.93E − 13
WOA4.59E − 792.42E − 668.32E − 684.41E − 672.65E − 776.99E − 662.47E − 671.28E − 66
SCA5.43E + 033.79E + 062.99E + 056.84E + 058.61E + 088.53E + 094.01E + 091.68E + 09
SSA01.01E − 553.36E − 571.84E − 561.26E − 2481.51E − 535.04E − 552.76E − 54
MRFO00000000
LGMRFO00000000

F5BOA2.30E − 121.40E − 117.28E − 122.44E − 121.28E − 111.63E − 111.43E − 117.15E − 13
WOA00000000
SCA3.95E − 011.65E + 001.12E + 002.96E − 011.57E + 017.96E + 015.01E + 011.73E + 01
SSA00000000
MRFO00000000
LGMRFO00000000

F6BOA01.34E − 024.49E − 052.45E − 030000
WOA00000000
SCA2.42E + 024.29E + 031.37E + 031.02E + 036.84E + 043.47E + 052.02E + 058.54E + 04
SSA00000000
MRFO00000000
LGMRFO00000000

F7BOA2.55E − 151.75E + 011.89E + 004.82E + 000000
WOA07.77E − 013.95E − 021.58E − 010000
SCA6.39E + 001.77E + 011.41E + 012.59E + 005.87E + 012.34E + 021.80E + 025.13E + 01
SSA00000000
MRFO00000000
LGMRFO00000000

F8BOA03.59E + 025.62E + 011.28E + 020000
WOA00000000
SCA2.09E + 022.27E + 039.64E + 025.04E + 029.11E + 043.56E + 052.07E + 056.99E + 04
SSA00000000
MRFO00000000
LGMRFO00000000

F9BOA4.88E + 014.90E + 014.89E + 013.31E − 024.99E + 024.99E + 024.99E + 022.75E − 02
WOA4.76E + 014.87E + 014.82E + 013.93E − 014.96E + 024.98E + 024.97E + 023.84E − 01
SCA2.37E + 062.57E + 095.79E + 085.52E + 081.12E + 113.54E + 112.42E + 115.69E + 10
SSA4.13E − 078.29E − 031.60E − 032.17E − 031.62E − 067.75E − 031.35E − 031.92E − 03
MRFO4.27E + 014.48E + 014.37E + 015.71E − 014.94E + 024.97E + 024.96E + 026.72E − 01
LGMRFO4.29E + 014.44E + 014.35E + 012.82E − 014.91E + 024.92E + 024.91E + 021.97E − 01

F10BOA9.12E − 121.41E − 111.17E − 111.21E − 121.04E − 111.47E − 111.28E − 111.21E − 12
WOA3.03E − 891.82E − 696.35E − 713.33E − 705.05E − 835.29E − 692.95E − 701.04E − 69
SCA8.10E + 002.94E + 038.03E + 028.46E + 023.40E + 041.82E + 051.08E + 153.80E + 04
SSA01.71E − 355.70E − 373.11E − 364.61E − 2411.18E − 543.94E − 562.16E − 55
MRFO00000000
LGMRFO00000000

F11BOA2.11E − 104.35E − 091.49E − 091.11E − 097.82E − 112.23E − 094.66E − 104.12E − 10
WOA8.88E − 167.99E − 153.85E − 152.65E − 158.88E − 161.51E − 145.03E − 153.37E − 15
SCA2.04E + 012.06E + 012.05E + 016.67E − 012.08E + 012.09E + 012.09E + 012.84E − 02
SSA8.88E − 168.88E − 168.88E − 1608.88E − 168.88E − 168.88E − 160
MRFO8.88E − 168.88E − 168.88E − 1608.88E − 168.88E − 168.88E − 160
LGMRFO8.88E − 168.88E − 168.88E − 1608.88E − 168.88E − 168.88E − 160

F12BOA1.37E − 031.01E − 012.97E − 022.70E − 025.91E − 063.51E − 047.83E − 056.69E − 05
WOA1.52E − 475.89E − 011.18E − 011.90E − 014.32E − 574.26E − 131.42E − 147.78E − 14
SCA1.27E − 017.06E − 013.55E − 011.33E − 013.43E − 021.39E − 017.27E − 023.02E − 02
SSA03.85E − 162.02E − 177.22E − 1703.62E − 162.15E − 177.20E − 17
MRFO02.57E − 133.21E − 144.70E − 1403.76E − 114.21E − 121.01E − 11
LGMRFO04.30E − 139.43E − 141.27E − 130000