Recurrence Rate and Exploration of Clinical Factors after Pituitary Adenoma Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis based on Computer Artificial Intelligence System

Table 3

Data extraction results.

Author and year	Study design	Recurrence rate (95% CI)	Adenoma type	Population	Follow-up	Clinical factors
Langlois et al. (2018)	Retrospective single-center study	36% for silent corticotroph adenomas, 10% for silent gonadotroph adenomas,	Silent corticotroph adenomas versus silent gonadotroph adenomas	814 pituitary surgeries	>5 years
Watts et al. (2017)	Retrospective analysis	12.5% (6/48; )	Nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas	143 patients	12 months
Jahangiri et al. (2013)	Retrospective analysis	34% for strongly ACTH-positive type I SCAs, 10% for weakly ACTH-positive type II SCAs	Silent corticotroph adenomas	75 patients	>3 years
Alahmadi et al. (2012)	Retrospective analysis	14% for silent corticotroph adenomas, 10% for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas	Silent corticotroph adenomas nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas	20 patients	41 months
Ioachimescu et al. (2012)	Retrospective cohort study	6.0%	Silent corticotroph adenomas	33	42.5 months
Reddy et al. (2011)	Comparative study	23.1% (5 years), 46.7% (10 years) 67.9% (15 years)	Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs)	155 patients	6.5 years	Pituitary tumor remnant after the first postoperative scan () younger age at initial surgery ()
Cho et al. (2010)	Comparative study	25.0% for silent corticotroph adenomas and 26.9% for nonsilent corticotroph adenomas ()	Silent corticotroph adenomas	28 patients	5.2 years	Young patients had a higher frequency of multiple and late recurrences with more aggressive tumor behavior
Cooper et al. (2010)	Cohort analysis	54% for SCAs 17% for nonfunctioning adenomas ()	Silent corticotroph adenomas and nonfunctioning adenomas	25 SCA 84 nonfunctioning adenomas	1–15 years
Brochier et al. (2010)	Retrospective study	24% for those who initially had complete macroscopic resection, 47% for initial surgical remnant	Nonfunctioning adenomas	142 patients	6.9 years	Initial complete macroscopic resection, initial surgical treatment
Raverot et al. (2010)	Cohort study	20%	Pituitary tumor	94 patients	138 ± 46 months
Lindsay et al. (2011)	Retrospective analysis	12%	Cushing’s disease	331 patients	10.5 ± 0.3 years
Chang et al. (2010)	Retrospective analysis	8%	Inactive pituitary macroadenomas (EIA)	81 patients	5 years
Brady et al. (2021)	Retrospective analysis	3%	Cushing’s disease	39 patients	24 months
Jang et al. (2016)	Retrospective analysis	19%	Pituitary adenoma	331 patients	68.5 months
Ciric et al. (2012)	Retrospective study	9.67%	Cushing’s disease	136 patients	>12 months	Recurrence rates increased with the passage of time, mean immediate postoperative plasma cortisol (IPPC) of >2.0 μg/dL
Jung et al. (2012)	Retrospective study	32.4% (5 years) 54.6% (10 years)	Cushing’s disease	54 patients	50.7 months	Recurrence rate increases with time and possibly increases the preoperative serum cortisol level and pathologic confirmation of adenoma
Barbot et al. (2013)	Retrospective analysis	42.11% (40 months)	Cushing’s disease	57 patients	40 months
Alwani et al. (2010)	Retrospective analysis	20%	Cushing’s disease	79 patients	84 months
Ammini et al. (2011)	Prospective study	18.5%	Cushing’s disease	97 patients	2.9 ± 2.1 years
Ambrogio et al. (2017)	Prospective study	23%	Cushing’s disease	56 patients		Most patients who had successful adenomectomy did not respond to desmopressin after surgery
Espinosa-de-Los-Monteros et al. (2017)	Retrospective cohort study	26%	Cushing’s disease	84 patients	6.3 years
Mayberg et al. (2018)	Single-center retrospective cohort analysis	9.5%	Cushing’s disease	69 patients	43.5 months	Immediate reoperation is associated with low recurrence rates
Shirvani et al. (2016)	Retrospective analysis	21.9%	Cushing’s disease	96 patients	44 months	Age, preoperative basal cortisol levels, and follow-up duration influenced recurrence (there was a significant negative correlation between the patient’s age and the follow-up period)
Johnston et al. (2017)	Prospective analysis	7%	Cushing’s disease	101 patients	4.33 years	Presence of macroadenoma and tumor extension beyond the pituitary and sella were predictive of risk of late recurrence
Almeida et al. (2020)	Retrospective study	34% for GTR 39.5% for subtotal resection	Pituitary adenoma	98 patients	Median 144 months
Dimopoulou et al. (2014)	Retrospective analysis	34% (54 months)	Cushing’s disease	85 patients	79 months	Higher recurrence rates of CD after first TSS
Bou et al. (2011)	Retrospective analysis	20.8%	Cushing’s disease	101 patients	44.7 months	A positive response to vasopressin analogs and/or CRH tests occurs early in recurrence
Feng et al. (2018)	Single-center retrospective analysis	2.42%	Cushing’s disease	197 patients	12 to 36 months
Maletkovic et al. (2019)	Retrospective analysis	9.4%	Nonfunctioning pituitary Tumors	85 patients
Bansal et al. (2017)	Retrospective analysis	32%	Cushing’s disease	151 patients	74 ± 61.1 months
Chandler et al. (2016)	Retrospective analysis	17% (4 years)	Cushing’s disease	219 patients	4 years