End to End Multitask Joint Learning Model for Osteoporosis Classification in CT Images

Table 3

Ablation experiments in a joint learning framework.

LF	GC	FF		Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	F1-score
			Normal	0.873	0.743	0.960	0.824
			Osteopenia	0.825	0.921	0.578	0.884
			Osteoporosis	0.943	0.978	0.686	0.967
			Normal	0.907	0.784	0.988	0.870
✓			Osteopenia	0.859	0.957	0.603	0.907
			Osteoporosis	0.947	0.970	0.784	0.970
			Normal	0.889	0.802	0.948	0.853
	✓		Osteopenia	0.849	0.921	0.664	0.898
			Osteoporosis	0.959	0.983	0.784	0.977
			Normal	0.907	0.892	0.916	0.884
		✓	Osteopenia	0.854	0.900	0.733	0.899
			Osteoporosis	0.947	0.965	0.824	0.969
			Normal	0.904	0.850	0.940	0.877
✓	✓		Osteopenia	0.861	0.924	0.698	0.906
			Osteoporosis	0.956	0.972	0.843	0.975
			Normal	0.935	0.982	0.904	0.924
	✓	✓	Osteopenia	0.904	0.901	0.914	0.934
			Osteoporosis	0.964	0.978	0.963	0.979
			Normal	0.966	0.946	0.980	0.958
✓	✓		Osteopenia	0.928	0.980	0.793	0.952
			Osteoporosis	0.956	0.956	0.961	0.972