Research Article
A Deep-Learning Framework for Analysing Students’ Review in Higher Education
Table 6
Precision (P), recall (R), and F1-score (F1) for models developed for the aspect-term identification model.
| Aspect categories | LSTM | GRU | Bi-GRU | Bi-LSTM | P | R | F1 | P | R | F1 | P | R | F1 | P | R | F1 |
| Assessment | 0.93 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.93 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.88 | 0.91 | Content | 0.67 | 0.33 | 0.44 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 0.59 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 0.59 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 0.59 | Delivery approach | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.70 | 0.83 | 0.76 | 0.67 | 0.81 | 0.74 | 0.67 | 0.79 | 0.72 | General | 0.73 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.58 | 0.85 | 0.69 | 0.73 | 0.85 | 0.79 | Lecture hours | 0.92 | 0.73 | 81 | 0.83 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.73 | 0.85 | 0.92 | 0.80 | 0.86 | Management | 0.71 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.53 | 0.75 | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.61 | Practical hours | 0.82 | 0.95 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.86 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.92 | Tutorials | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.76 | 0.86 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 0.82 | Experiential learning | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.96 | Professional competencies | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.75 | 0.33 | 0.46 | 0.67 | 0.22 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.22 | 0.31 | Teaching and learning environment | 0.53 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 0.57 | 0.80 | 0.67 | 0.53 | 0.90 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 1.00 | 0.77 | Teaching and learning resources | 0.70 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.70 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.82 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.78 | 0.74 | Accuracy | | | 0.78 | | | 0.79 | | | 0.78 | | | 0.77 | Macroaverage | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.75 | Weighted average | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.77 |
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