Domino Hepatocyte Transplantation: A Therapeutic Alternative for the Treatment of Acute Liver Failure

Table 1

Human hepatocyte transplantation: clinical studies in patients with metabolic liver disease.

Disease	Patient Age	Number of viable cells transplanted	Type of cell transplanted	Outcome	Study/Ref
	8 years	7.5x10^9	F/C	40% decrease bilirubin up to 6 months; OLT at 20 months	[15]
	9 years	7.5x10^9	F	32% decrease in bilirubin for a few weeks; OLT after 5 months	[16]
	18 months	4.3x10^9	C	40% decrease in bilirubin to 7 months; OLT at 8 months	[17]
	8 years	1.4x10^9	F	30% decrease in bilirubin; OLT after 11 months	[18]
	1 year	2.6x10^9	F/C	25% decrease in bilirubin at 4 months; OLT after 4 months	[19]
	9 years	6.1x10^9	F/C	35% decrease in bilirubin at 6 months; OLT waiting list
Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD)	18 years	6.0x10^9	F/C	Improvement in glucose control, normal enzyme; levels on biopsy	[20]
	47 years	2.0x10^9	F	Better fasting time, decrease in triglycerides; up to 18 months	[21]
Infantile Refsum’s disease	4 years	2.0x10^9	F/C	40% decrease pipecholic acid after 18 months	[22]
Familial hyper-cholesterolemia	Five patients between 7 and 41 years	1.1x10^9	F	20% decrease in cholesterol, LDL, ApoB to 28 month;	[23]
		1.3x10^9		No effect;
		1.0x10^9		6% decrease in; cholesterol, LDL, ApoB to 19 months;
		3.2x10^9		Minor effect
		1.5x10^9		20% decrease in cholesterol up to 7 months
Urea cycle defects
OTC	5 years	1.0x10^9	F	Decreased ammonia initially; Died 42 days later	[24]
OTC	10 hours	9.0x10^9	F/C	Decrease ammonia; increased protein tolerance for a short period; OLT at 6 months	[25]
OTC	2 dias	1.9x10^9	F/C	Decreased ammonia; auxiliary transplant at 6 months	[26]
OTC	14 months	2.4x10^9	C	Decreased ammonia; increased urea; psychomotor improvement; OLT after 6 months	[27]
OTC	1 day	1.6x10^9	F/C	Decreased ammonia; increased urea under normal diet; partial orthotopic liver transplantation (apolt) at 7 months	[28]
OTC	10 weeks; 3 years	3.0x10^9	F	Some stabilization	[29]
OTC	6 hours	0.6x1	C	Decreased ammonia; increased urea; normal urinary orotic acid excretion. Death at 4 months	[30]
	9 days			Decreased ammonia; increased protein intake, urinary orotic acid normal at 6 months. OLT waiting list
Citrullinemia	36 months	1.5x1	C	Normal ammonia; 40% increase in urea	[30]
Factor VII deficiency	3 months; 35 months	1.1x10^9	C	70% decrease in recombinant factor VII for 6 months; OLT after 7 months	[31]
		2.2X10^9	F/C
Phenylketonuria	6 years	Two infusions for a total of; 630 × 10^6 cells	F	blood phenylalanine levels returned within the therapeutic target while the phenylalanine; half-life assessed by loading tests decreased from 43 to 19 h.	[32]