Research Article

High Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Cirrhotic Patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Is It Time to Change the Standard Antimicrobial Approach?

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients.

All patientsWithout SBPWith SBP
(n = 151)(n = 54)(n = 97)

Age mean (SD)57,4 (12,9)61,8 (10,1)55,2 (13,6)
Gender n (%)
 Female65 (43)22 (41)43 (43)
 Male86 (57)32 (59)54 (57)
Cirrhosis etiology n (%)
 HCV72 (49,7)20 (40,8)52 (54,2)
 HCV+Alcohol23 (15,9)11 (22,4)12 (12,5)
 Alcohol27 (18,6)10 (20,4)17 (17,7)
 HBV2 (1,4)1 (2)1 (1)
 NASH7 (4,8)3 (6,1)4 (4,2)
 Other14 (9,7)4 (8,1)10 (10,3)
Child-Pugh score (value) mean (SD)10,2 (2,0)9,1 (1,6)
Child-Pugh score (categ.) n (%)
 A2 (1,4)2 (4,3)0 (0%)
 B51 (36,4)24 (52,2)27 (28,7)
 C87 (62,1)20 (43,5)67 (71,3)
MELD score mean (SD)21,24 (9,1)18,9 (13)22,80 (9,16)
Serum tests median (IQR)
 Albumin (g/dL)2,53 (0,54)2,60 (0,8)2,40 (0,7)
 Total bilirubin (mg/dL)2,60 (7,14)2,40 (3,5)3,00 (5,4)
 INR1,91 (1,14)1,49 (0,43)1,67 (0,75)
 Creatinine (mg/dL)1,41 (1,53)1,27 (1,38)1,55 (1,5)
Ascites tests mean (SD)
 Neutrophils count3970 (8657)56 (68)5946 (10071)
 Albumin in ascites (g/dL)0,57 (0,42)0,54 (0,47)0,58 (0,4)
 Total protein in ascites (g/dL)1,27 (0,9)1,10 (0,87)1,36 (0,91)
 Ascites to serum albumin gradient1,97 (0,59)2,16 (0,62)1,89 (0,55)
Time between admission and paracentesis mean (SD)
 <48h77 (52,7)22 (44,9)42 (49)
 48-72h7 (4,8)1 (2)14 (16)
 >72h62 (42.5)36 (37,1)30 (35)
Hospitalization in previous 30 days mean (SD)49 (33,8)17 (34,7)32 (33,3)
Antibiotic prophylaxis agains SBP mean (SD)28 (19)9 (18)19 (20)

SBP: spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; MDR: multidrug resistant; XDR: extensively drug resistant.