Association between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and NAFLD in Chinese Nondiabetic Individuals

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of study participants according to the HGI.

Variables		Total n = 3936	Quartile 1 (≤−0.22) n = 998	Quartile 2 (−0.21∼0.02) n = 985	Quartile 3 (0.03∼0.28) n = 975	Quartile 4 (≥0.29) n = 978	F or χ^2
Gender (male/female)		1587/2349	443/555	388/597	378/597	378/600	9.33
Age (years)		47.74 ± 11.01	42.81 ± 9.46	46.29 ± 10.59^a	48.95 ± 10.96^ab	53.01 ± 10.41^abc	170.37
SBP (mmHg)		123.69 ± 18.56	120.85 ± 17.43	122.32 ± 17.89	124.91 ± 19.24^ab	126.74 ± 19.12^ab	20.09
DBP (mmHg)		73.12 ± 12.63	71.91 ± 12.49	72.86 ± 12.63	73.52 ± 12.78^a	74.22 ± 12.5^ab	6.02
BMI (kg/m^2)		23.76 ± 3.16	23.17 ± 3.08	23.54 ± 3.21^a	23.91 ± 3.12^ab	24.43 ± 3.08^abc	29.34
WBC (×10^9/L)		6.04 ± 1.61	5.79 ± 1.53	6.02 ± 1.55^a	6.07 ± 1.66^a	6.30 ± 1.67^abc	16.88
HB (g/L)		145.19 ± 14.90	146.44 ± 15.21	145.97 ± 15.07	144.69 ± 14.64^a	143.64 ± 14.51^ab	7.15
PLT (×10^9/l)		231.71 ± 53.25	226.23 ± 51.44	232.01 ± 53.57	231.61 ± 51.16	237.07 ± 56.23^a	6.86
ALB (g/L)		44.93 ± 3.05	45.52 ± 3.07	45.16 ± 3.03^a	44.59 ± 3.07^ab	44.44 ± 2.89^ab	27.48
ALT (U/L)		27.68 ± 33.13	26.09 ± 20.5	26.05 ± 18.57	26.81 ± 19.29	31.82 ± 57^ab	6.91
AST (U/L)		27.28 ± 16.74	25.16 ± 14.01	25.17 ± 10.37	26.07 ± 9.81	28.74 ± 26.75^abc	10.09
GGT (U/L)		44.94 ± 66.78	42.46 ± 88.12	42.72 ± 62.15	44.37 ± 51.89	50.27 ± 58.5^ab	2.92
FPG (mmol/L)		4.67 ± 0.61	4.65 ± 0.53	4.63 ± 0.55	4.64 ± 0.62	4.76 ± 0.72^abc	8.92
Creatinine (umol/L)		67.55 ± 14.15	66.16 ± 13.73	67.58 ± 14.84^a	68.23 ± 14.12^a	68.25 ± 13.83^a	4.76
TC (mmol/L)		5.29 ± 1.05	5.09 ± 0.97	5.26 ± 1.01^a	5.35 ± 1.04^a	5.46 ± 1.13^ab	23.39
TG (mmol/L)		1.74 ± 1.23	1.62 ± 1.21	1.70 ± 1.21	1.74 ± 1.23^a	1.93 ± 1.26^abc	11.05
HDL-C (mmol/L)		1.28 ± 0.33	1.32 ± 0.34	1.29 ± 0.33	1.29 ± 0.33	1.24 ± 0.31^abc	9.93
LDL-C (mmol/L)		3.16 ± 0.85	3.00 ± 0.76	3.13 ± 0.81^a	3.22 ± 0.86^a	3.31 ± 0.92^ab	24.29
HSI		32.49 ± 4.84	31.89 ± 4.76	32.22 ± 5.04^a	32.50 ± 4.75^ab	33.36 ± 4.70^ab	27.62
NFS		−2.52 ± 1.02	−2.71 ± 0.97	−2.60 ± 1.04	−2.42 ± 1.02^a	−2.34 ± 1.02^abc	17.00
NAFLD (%)
Hepatic US		815 (20.7)	164 (16.4)	165 (16.8)	210 (21.5)	276 (28.2)	54.53
HSI		875 (22.2)	174 (17.4)	221 (22.4)	207 (21.2)	273 (27.9)	32.14
HbA1c (%)		5.38 ± 0.40	4.89 ± 0.22	5.25 ± 0.11^a	5.50 ± 0.12^ab	5.88 ± 0.22^abc	5599.99

, , ; ^a compared with quartile 1, ^b compared with quartile 2, ^c compared with quartile 3. Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile) or n (%); SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell; HB, hemoglobin; PLT, blood platelet; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HSI, Hepatic Steatosis Index; NFS, NAFLD Fibrosis Score; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; US, ultrasonography; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HGI, hemoglobin glycation index.