Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis Associated with Improvement of Autophagy in Diabetic Rats

Table 2

Results of serum biochemical analysis 4 weeks after the start of G-CSF or saline treatment.

	Normal control	DM/G-CSF	DM/saline
Glucose (mg/dL)	130.33 ± 6.66	288.50 ± 67.00	323.20 ± 43.42
TC (mg/dL)	90.88 ± 5.14	102.08 ± 7.55	109.59 ± 16.49
TG (mg/dL)	27.31 ± 4.00	29.60 ± 8.85	44.34 ± 27.87
AST (U/L)	163.94 ± 19.16	174.04 ± 35.49	193.43 ± 28.30
ALT (U/L)	78.48 ± 10.87	76.50 ± 22.53	83.08 ± 36.37
FFAs (μEq/L)	591.13 ± 136.74	656.83 ± 105.40	754.25 ± 294.55
HOMA-IR	1.65 ± 0.28	2.40 ± 0.19^†	3.44 ± 0.50

TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; FFAs, free fatty acids; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; and HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (μU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmoL/L)/22.5. Normal control, standard diet with no treatment; DM/G-CSF, high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection with G-CSF treatment; and DM/saline, HFD and low-dose STZ injection with saline treatment. All data are expressed as the means ± standard deviations. vs. normal control. ^† vs. DM/saline.