Research Article
Risk Factors for Rebleeding after Emergency Endoscopic Treatment of Dieulafoy Lesion
Table 1
Baseline characteristics between the rebleeding and nonrebleeding group.
| | Characteristic | Rebleeding (n = 26) | Nonrebleeding (n = 107) | value | Total (n = 133) |
| | Age, years, mean ± SD | | 54.42 ± 19.26 | 56.45 ± 15.94 | 0.58 | 56.05 ± 16.58 | | ≤60 (%) | 16 (21.9) | 57 (78.1) | 0.45 | 73 (54.9) | | >60 (%) | 10 (16.7) | 50 (83.3) | | 60 (45.1) |
| | Gender | Male (%) | 20 (76.9) | 95 (88.8) | 0.12 | 115 (86.5) | | Female (%) | 6 (23.1) | 12 (11.2) | | 18 (13.5) |
| | DL location | Fundus (%) | 2 (7.7) | 12 (11.2) | 0.45 | 14 (10.5) | | Body (%) | 12 (46.3) | 53 (49.5) | | 65 (48.9) | | Angulus (%) | 1 (3.8) | 3 (2.8) | | 4 (3) | | Antrum (%) | 0 | 7 (6.5) | | 7 (5.3) | | Duodenum (%) | 9 (34.6) | 22 (20.6) | | 31 (23.4) | | Anastomotic site (%) | 2 (7.6) | 10 (9.3) | | 12 (9) |
| | Other significant endoscopic findings | None | 75 (70.1) | 21(80.8) | 0.82 | 96 (72.2) | | Other gastroduodenal ulcer | 5 (4.7) | 0 | | 5 (3.8) | | Anastomositis | 20 (18.7) | 4(15.4) | | 24 (18) | | Erosive gastritis | 7 (6.5) | 1 (3.8) | | 8 (6) |
| | Forrest classification | FI | 14 (21.9) | 50 (78.1) | 0.52 | 64 (48.1) | | FII | 12 (17.4) | 57 (82.6) | | 69 (51.9) |
| | Rockall score | Moderate risk group (score 3-4) (%) | 18 (69.2) | 90 (84.1) | 0.09 | 108 (81.2) | | High risk group (score ≥5) (%) | 8 (30.8) | 17 (15.9) | | 25 (18.8) |
| | AIMS65 score | <2 (%) | 16 (17.2) | 77 (82.8) | 0.3 | 93 (69.9) | | ≥2 (%) | 10 (25) | 30 (75) | | 40 (30.1) |
| | Blatchford score | Low-risk group (score <6) (%) | 1(3.8) | 10(9.3) | 0.38 | 11 (8.3) | | High-risk group (score ≥6) (%) | 25 (96.2) | 97 (90.7) | | 122 (91.7) |
| | Endoscopy treatment | Pure injection (%) | 14 (45.2) | 17 (54.8) | 0.02 | 31 (23.3) | | Nonpure injection (%) | 6 (12.8) | 41 (87.2) | | 47 (35.3) | | Combination therapy (%) | 6 (11) | 49 (89) | | 55 (41.4) |
| | Clinical presentation | Hematemesis (%) | 20 (22) | 71 (78) | 0.35 | 91 (68.4) | | Melena (%) | 6 (14.3) | 36 (85.7) | | 42 (31.6) |
| | Alcohol (%) | 4 (12.9) | 27 (87.1) | 0.29 | 31 (23.3) | | Smoking (%) | 9 (34.6) | 33 (30.8) | 0.72 | 42 (31.6) | | NSAIDs (%) | 0 | 2 (1.9) | 1 | 2 (1.5) | | Anticoagulants (%) | 0 | 2 (1.9) | 1 | 2 (1.5) | | History of peptic ulcer (%) | 4 (15.4) | 15 (14) | 1 | 19 (14.3) | | Hypertension (%) | 2 (7.7) | 20 (19.6) | 0.24 | 22 (17.3) | | Diabetes mellitus (%) | 0 | 6 (5.6) | 0.6 | 6 (4.5) | | Coronary artery disease (%) | 0 | 3 (2.8) | 1 | 3 (2.3) | | Renal failure (%) | 1(3.8) | 0 | 0.36 | 1 (0.8) | | Systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD | 105.88 ± 17.67 | 113.29 ± 18.6 | 0.07 | 111.84 ± 18.59 | | Diastolic blood pressure, mean ± SD | 61.35 ± 11.19 | 67.04 ± 13.22 | 0.05 | 65.92 ± 13 | | Mean systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD | 75.2 ± 11.3 | 82.45 ± 13.94 | 0.04 | 81.23 ± 13.77 | | Heart rate, mean ± SD | 88.92 ± 18.15 | 85.31 ± 18.9 | 0.38 | 86.02 ± 18.74 | | Shock index, mean ± SD | 0.86 ± 0.18 | 0.77 ± 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.79 ± 0.2 | | Hemoglobin, mean ± SD | 74.73 ± 15.66 | 79.37 ± 24.73 | 0.36 | 78.45 ± 23.26 | | WBC (109/L), mean ± SD | 10.45 ± 6.08 | 8.22 ± 3.9 | 0.03 | 8.66 ± 4.47 | | PLT (109/L), mean ± SD | 158.31 ± 63.41 | 174.81 ± 107.41 | 0.45 | 171.56 ± 100.34 | | BUN (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 9.59 ± 7.14 | 9.86 ± 6.57 | 0.84 | 9.8 ± 6.66 | | Cr (umol/L), mean ± SD | 103.16 ± 158.1 | 80.77 ± 25.83 | 0.26 | 85.22 ± 73.12 | | Albumin (g/L), mean ± SD | 28.83 ± 4.21 | 31.66 ± 6.49 | 0.05 | 31.09 ± 6.2 | | PT (s), mean ± SD | 12.99 ± 2.58 | 13.26 ± 9.78 | 0.89 | 13.2 ± 8.84 | | APTT (s), mean ± SD | 33.7 ± 9.33 | 29.61 ± 10.85 | 0.11 | 30.41 ± 10.66 | | INR, mean ± SD | 1.15 ± 0.24 | 1.08 ± 0.17 | 0.11 | 1.1 ± 0.19 | | Operation (%) | 5 (19.2) | 0 | 0.001 | 5 (3.8) | | Mortality (%) | 3 (11.5) | 0 | 0.05 | 3 (2.3) |
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