Methods for Endoscopic Removal of Over-the-Scope Clip: A Systematic Review

Table 2

Characteristics of the included case reports.

Author	Patients included	Age	Gender (M/F)	Indication		Mean time of OTSC in situ	Success (Y/N)	Adverse events
				For OTSC implantation	For OTSC removal
(i) Grasping forceps
von Renteln et al. [12]	2	55, 75	M	Esophagopulmonary fistula; jejunocutaneous fistula	Misplacement: partially cover the fistula	Removed immediately after misplacement	Y	2 minor bleeding
(ii) Nd : YAG-laser
Fähndrich et al. [13]	3	61–72	1 F,; 2 M	Gastrocutaneous fistula and perforation	1 misplacement: causing a severe esophageal stenosis; 2 removal after recovery	2 months	Y	UA
(iii) APC
Kapadia et al. [20]	1	71	M	Anchored the SEMS for esophagojejunal anastomotic leak	Removal after recovery	2 months	Y	UA
(iv) The remOVE system
Schiffmann et al. [19]	1	21	UA	Gastrocutaneous fistula	Poor healing, needs further OTSC	UA	Y	UA
Meier et al. [24]	2	UA	UA	EFTR	Repeat biopsy after EFTR	3 months	Y	UA
Andrisani et al. [23]	2	UA	UA	EFTR	Repeat therapy after EFTR	3 months	Y	UA
Valli et al. [25]	3	UA	UA	EFTR	R1 resection	4–6 weeks	Y	UA
Mangas-Sanjuan et al. [22]	2	51, 58	1 M, 1 F	Esophageal variceal bleeding	Adverse events: esophageal stenosis	5–8 months	Y	N
(v) EMR/ESD
Mönkemüller et al. [14]	1	77	M	Anastomotic leak after esophagectomy	Misplacement: needs to place a new clip	10 days	Y	UA
Sedarat et al. [16]	1	56	F	Chronic gastrocutaneous fistula	Adverse events: causing pyloric obstruction	UA	Y	UA
Mumtaz et al. [17]	2	UA	UA	UA	UA	UA	Y	UA
(vi) Ice-cold saline solution
Arezzo et al. [15]	1	UA	UA	Rectal chronic fistula	Misplacement	UA	Y	UA
Krishna and Shakhatreh [18]	1	UA	UA	Gastrocutaneous fistula	Misplacement	UA	Y	UA
Rocha et al. [21]	1	51	M	Esophageal fistula	2 OTSC attached to each other causing luminal obstruction	6 weeks	Y	UA

Studies were sorted by removal methods of clips. M, male; F, female; Y, yes; N, no; UA, details were unavailable in the original articles; EMR, endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; APC, argon plasma coagulation; SEMS, self-expandable metallic stent; EFTR, endoscopic full-thickness resection.