Preventive Transhepatic Tract Embolisation after Percutaneous Biliary Interventions: A Systematic Review

Table 3

PBI-related adverse events after percutaneous biliary intervention, preventable by transhepatic tract embolisation or not. The follow-up period in days (median).

Embolic agent	Author/year	Follow-up (days)	Biliary leak	Liver tract bleeding	PBI-related pain	Adverse events not preventable by tract embolisation
Cyanoacrylate	Schmitz-R 2000	95	1/20 (5.0%)	0/20 (0.0%)	Not tested	1/20 (5.0%): tract metastasis after 30 days
	Lyon 2006	1	Not reported	Not reported	6/21 (28.6%)	3/21 (14.3%): biliary sepsis (2), haemobilia (1)
	Seif 2013	182	2/25 (8.0%)	0/25 (0.0%)	11/25 (44.0%)	4/25 (16.0%): cholangitis
	Hwang 2019	58	1/42 (2.4%)	0/42 (0.0%)	Not tested	Not reported
Gelatin	Dale 2015	10	Not reported	1/92 (1.9%)	Not tested	Not reported
	Augustin 2019	361	3/98 (3.1%)	0/98 (0.0%)	Not tested	7/98 (7.1%): cholangitis (5), arterial haemorrhage (1), tract metastasis (1) after 12 months
Coils	Sofue 2012	66	0/16 (0.0%)	0/16 (0.0%)	Not tested	8/16 (50.0%): pleural effusion (4), cholangitis (2), haemobilia (2)
All			7/201 (3.5%)	1/293 (0.3%)	17/46 (36.9%)	23/180 (12.8%)