Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Grades 2 and 3: A Phase I-II Randomized Clinical Trial

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of patients at baseline.

Characteristics	Stem cell group; (n = 4); n (%)	Placebo group; (n = 5); n (%)
Age (years)	55.8 ± 12.8	53.4 ± 14.4
Gender
Female	2 (50.0)	1 (20.0)
Male	2 (50.0)	4 (80.0)
Race
White	4 (100.0)	4 (80.0)
Brown	0 (0.0)	1 (20.0)
Hypertension
No	2 (50.0)	2 (40.0)
Yes	2 (50.0)	3 (60.0)
Insulin resistance
No	4 (100.0)	3 (60.0)
Yes	0 (0.0)	2 (40.0)
Smoker
No	3 (75.0)	5 (100.0)
Yes	1 (25.0)	0 (0.0)
Alcohol abuse
No	4 (100.0)	4 (80.0)
Yes	0 (0.0)	1 (20.0)
Renal injury
No	4 (100.0)	4 (80.0)
Yes	0 (0.0)	1 (20.0)
ACLF trigger
Unknown	3 (75.0)	0 (0.0)
Non-SBP infection	0 (0.0)	2 (40.0)
SBP	1 (25.0)	1 (20.0)
Variceal bleeding	0 (0.0)	1 (20.0)
Surgery	0 (0.0)	1 (20.0)
Etiology
Alcohol	1 (25.0)	2 (40.0)
Hepatitis C	1 (25.0)	3 (60.0)
NASH	1 (25.0)	0 (0.0)
Hepatitis B	1 (25.0)	0 (0.0)

Mean ± standard deviation. value from Chi-square test. ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.