Research Article

Frailty in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Cirrhosis: A Comparison with Alcoholic Cirrhosis, Risk Patterns, and Impact on Prognosis

Table 1

Summary statistics and characteristics of the study groups, a comparison of NAFLD cirrhosis and alcoholic cirrhosis patients.

NGroupAlcoholic cirrhosisNAFLD cirrhosis value
N = 280N = 105

Age, years56.91 (48.56, 63.00)62.26 (55.71, 67.13)<0.001
Sex, n (%)Female85 (30.4)49 (46.7)0.004
Male195 (69.6)56 (53.3)
Body mass index, (kg/m2)25.96 (23.06, 29.77)28.63 (25.34, 34.88)<0.001
Obese, n (%)68 (24.3)44 (41.9)0.001
Mid-arm circumference (cm)26.00 (23.00, 29.00)29.00 (25.00, 33.00)<0.001
Tricipital skinfold (mm)9.00 (6.20, 15.10)14.00 (7.80, 21.40)<0.001
Mid-arm muscle area (cm2)40.23 (33.01, 48.31)43.92 (35.25, 57.90)0.002
Hand grip strength (kg)22.55 (15.88, 29.85)23.13 (15.83, 29.86)0.945
Low hand grip strength, n (%)198 (70.7)67 (63.8)0.217
Chair stands (s)0.36 (0.27, 0.43)0.39 (0.30, 0.48)0.167
Chair stands categories, n (%)Normal23 (8.2)16 (15.2)0.133
Low159 (56.8)57 (54.3)
Unable to stand98 (35.0)32 (30.5)
Equilibrum total time (s)30.00 (20.00, 30.00)30.00 (24.58, 30.00)0.143
Equilibrum categories, n (%)Normal165 (58.9)68 (64.8)0.498
Low77 (27.5)27 (25.7)
Unable to stand38 (13.6)10 (9.5)
Liver frailty index (LFI)4.48 (3.97, 5.04)4.28 (3.81, 4.87)0.061
Frailty, LFI > 80th percentile, n (%)60 (21.4)14 (13.3)0.082
Frailty, LFI > 4, 5134 (47.9)50 (47.6)1.00
Serum bilirubin (umol/l)50.0 (26.51, 137.05)26.2 (18.8, 76.75)<0.001
Serum albumin (g/l)28.90 (24.00, 33.00)29.00 (27.00, 35.00)0.018
Serum creatinine (umol/l)77.90 (59.00, 113.00)79.00 (63.00, 113.00)0.868
C-reactive protein (mg/l)16.23 (6.94, 40.20)10.84 (4.99, 22.79)0.010
White blood cells (109/l)7.20 (4.88, 11.03)5.80 (3.80, 7.50)<0.001
MELD-Na score18.91 (14.00, 24.00)15.00 (11.00, 19.00)<0.001
Child-Pugh-Turcotte score10.00 (7.00, 11.00)8.00 (7.00, 10.00)<0.001
Hepatocellular carcinoma, n (%)19 (6.8)18 (17.1)0.002
Refractory ascites, n (%)89 (33.1)23 (22.3)0.044
Number connection test, n (%)Normal37 (13.2)13 (12.4)0.778
60–9069 (24.6)28 (26.7)
90–12070 (25.0)29 (27.6)
>12083 (29.6)25 (23.8)
Not done21 (7.5)10 (9.5)
Event during follow-up, n (%)None, LT, death145, 14, 121 (51.8, 5.0, 43.2)52, 7, 46 (49.5, 6.7, 43.8)0.771
Mortality30 days40 (14.3)14 (13.3)0.87
90 days75 (26.8)29 (27.6)0.898
180 days106 (37.9)37 (35.2)0.723