Frailty in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Cirrhosis: A Comparison with Alcoholic Cirrhosis, Risk Patterns, and Impact on Prognosis

Table 2

Sex-specific summary statistics and characteristics of the study groups, comparison of alcoholic and NAFLD cirrhosis.

n	Group	Men		value	Women		value
		Alcoholic cirrhosis	NAFLD cirrhosis		Alcoholic cirrhosis	NAFLD cirrhosis
		N = 195	N = 56		N = 85	N = 49
Age, years		58.00 (48.88, 63.03)	62.47 (57.50, 67.14)	0.002	55.36 (47.47, 61.27)	61.97 (53.91, 67.00)	0.006
Body mass index (kg/m^2)		27.04 (23.54, 30.41)	29.54 (26.62, 33.58)	0.001	24.24 (21.87, 27.90)	26.78 (24.61, 35.75)	<0.001
Obese, n (%)		54 (27.7)	24 (42.9)		14 (16.5)	20 (40.8)	0.003
Mid-arm circumference (cm)		26.50 (24.00, 30.00)	29.00 (26.75, 33.00)	<0.001	24.00 (22.00, 27.00)	27.00 (24.00, 30.00)	<0.001
Tricipital skinfold (mm)		9.00 (6.00, 14.00)	12.20 (7.15, 18.80)	0.016	11.00 (7.00, 17.00)	17.20 (9.40, 24.00)	0.005
Mid-arm muscle area (cm^2)		41.79 (35.67, 50.44)	51.18 (40.69, 63.06)	0.001	34.16 (27.37, 42.50)	39.55 (32.94, 49.88)	0.006
Hand grip strength (kg)		26.27 (21.37, 32.50)	29.07 (24.71, 34.39)	0.018	14.83 (11.07, 17.83)	17.03 (12.43, 19.93)	0.194
Low hand grip strength, n (%)		127 (65.1)	30 (53.6)	0.12	71 (83.5)	37 (75.5)	0.267
Chair stands/s		0.36 (0.28, 0.43)	0.44 (0.35, 0.51)	0.004	0.35 (0.26, 0.42)	0.30 (0.22, 0.41)	0.398
Chair stands categories, n (%)	Normal	18 (9.2)	12 (21.4)	0.044	5 (5.9)	4 (8.2)	0.881
	Low	110 (56.4)	30 (53.6)		49 (57.6)	27 (55.1)
	Unable to stand	67 (34.4)	14 (25.0)		31 (36.5)	18 (36.7)
Equilibrum total time (s)		30.00 (20.00, 30.00)	30.00 (27.07, 30.00)	0.077	30.00 (13.00, 30.00)	30.00 (20.00, 30.00)	0.448
Equilibrum categories, n (%)	Normal	118 (60.5)	40 (71.4)	0.353	47 (55.3)	28 (57.1)	0.607
	Low	55 (28.2)	12 (21.4)		22 (25.9)	15 (30.6)
	Unable to stand	22 (11.3)	4 (7.1)		16 (18.8)	6 (12.2)
Liver frailty index (LFI)		4.37 (3.91, 4.95)	4.05 (3.59, 4.68)	0.004	4.67 (4.15, 5.40)	4.65 (4.03, 4.96)	0.590
LFI > 80^th percentile = 5.2, n (%)		35 (17.9)	5 (8.9)	0.146	25 (29.4)	9 (18.4)	0.216
LFI > 4.5		87 (44.6)	18 (32.1)	0.124	47 (55.3)	32 (65.3)	0.279
Serum bilirubin (umol/l)		46.8 (24.8, 113.7)	25.0 (19.9, 46.7)	0.001	75.5 (29.3, 164.9)	27.2 (18.3, 124.4)	0.01
Serum albumin (g/l)		28.00 (24.61, 32.00)	31.00 (26.75, 37.25)	0.002	29.00 (24.00, 34.00)	28.90 (27.00, 32.00)	0.989
Serum creatinine (umol/l)		81.00 (62.00, 119.00)	83.00 (66.75, 118.25)	0.433	74.00 (54.00, 99.00)	71.00 (54.00, 94.10)	0.948
C-reactive protein (mg/l)		14.52 (6.83, 34.20)	8.73 (4.16, 17.75)	0.010	25.29 (7.16, 50.33)	14.61 (6.28, 29.14)	0.122
White blood cells (∗10^9/l)		6.80 (4.80, 10.60)	5.50 (4.00, 7.32)	0.001	8.00 (5.40, 12.56)	6.50 (3.70, 8.10)	0.003
MELD-Na score		18.89 (13.73, 24.00)	14.50 (11.00, 18.50)	<0.001	19.00 (14.00, 25.00)	15.00 (11.00, 20.00)	0.010
Child-Pugh-Turcotte score		9.00 (7.00, 11.00)	8.00 (6.00, 9.00)	<0.001	10.00 (8.00, 11.00)	9.00 (7.00, 10.00)	0.045
Refractory ascites, n (%)		68 (36.4)	13 (23.2)	0.076	21 (25.6)	10 (21.3)	0.671
Event during follow-up, n (%)	None, LT, death	95, 5, 22 (48.7, 5.1, 46.2)	29, 5, 22 (51.8, 8.9, 39.3)	0.413	50, 4, 31 (58.8, 4.7, 36.5)	23, 2, 24 (46.9, 4.1, 49.0)	0.383