Research Article

Efficacy of Early Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transluminal Drainage for Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula

Table 1

Characteristics of enrolled patients.

Patient characteristicsValues

Age (median (range))64.5 (10–87)

Sex, male/female, n18/12

Indication for surgery
 PDAC9
 NET6
 SPN5
 IPMN4
 LDLT2
 LC1
 LEC1
 Liposarcoma1
 MPD stricture1

Type of initial surgery
 DP with splenectomy18
 SPDP5
 Enucleation2
 LDLT2
 DP-CAR1
 Splenectomy1
 Retroperitoneal tumor resection1
 With/without splenectomy22/8
 Open/laparoscopic13/17

Indication for POPF drainage
 Infection19
 Pain7
 Asymptomatic2
 Others2
 Size of POPF (mm, median (range))69.5 (38–145)

Location of POPF
 Ph4
 Pbt26

Drainage approach
 Transgastric29
 Transduodenal1

Type of drainage
 Simultaneous internal and external drainage12
 Internal drainage only15
 Aspiration3
 Plastic stent/LAMS23/4

Number of treatment sessions
 121
 26
 32
 41

Period between surgery and EUS-TD (days, median (range))17.5 (3–232)
Hospital stay period after EUS-TD (days, median (range))16.5 (5–88)
Technical success (n, %)30 (100)
Clinical success (n, %)29 (97)
Complications (n, %)2 (6.9)
Observation period (months, median (range))14 (0.6–117)

POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; NET, neuroendocrine tumor; SPN, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm; IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; LDLT, living donor liver transplantation; LC, liver cirrhosis; LEC, lymphoepithelial cyst; MPD, main pancreatic duct; DP, distal pancreatectomy; SPDP, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy; DP-CAR, distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection; LAMS, lumen-apposing metal stent; EUS-TD, EUS-guided transluminal drainage.