Efficacy of Early Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transluminal Drainage for Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula

Table 2

Comparison of clinical characteristics between the early and late drainage patient groups.

Clinical characteristics	Early drainage (≤15 days)	Late drainage (>15 days)	p value
Number of patients	14	16
Median days from surgery to EUS-TD	10.5 (3–15)	34.5 (17–232)
Gender (male/female)	9/5	9/7	0.65
Age (years, mean)	63.0 ± 5.2	56.6 ± 4.8	0.38
Indication for surgery			0.87
PDAC	4	5
Not PDAC	10	11
Surgery			0.83
With splenectomy	10	12
Without splenectomy	4	4
Open/laparoscopic			0.96
Open	6	7
Laparoscopic	8	9
Indication for POPF drainage			<0.0001
With infection	14	5
Without infection	0	11
Size of POPF (mm, mean)	66.1 ± 7.3	78.8 ± 6.8	0.21
Location of POPF			0.89
Ph	2	2
Pbt	12	14
Encapsulation of POPF			0.02
Absent	6	1
Present	8	15
Drainage approach			0.28
Transgastric	13	16
Transduodenal	1	0
Type of drainage			0.77
Simultaneous internal and external drainage	6	6
Without external drainage (aspiration only)	8 (2)	10 (1)
Type of stent used			0.35
LAMS	1	3
Not LAMS	13	13
Number of procedures			0.87
1	10	11
2 or more	4	5
Hospital stay after EUS-TD (days, mean (range))	23.5 ± 4.9	21.4 ± 4.6	0.75
Technical success (n, %)	14 (100)	16 (100)
Clinical success (n, %)	13 (93)	16 (100)	0.28
Complications (n, %)	1 (7.1)	1 (6.3)	0.92

EUS-TD, EUS-guided transluminal drainage; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula; LAMS, lumen-apposing metal stent.