The Epidemiology of Primary Biliary Cholangitis in European Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Reports on PBC incidence and/or prevalence from European countries.

First author	Country	Publication year	Case-finding methods	Diagnostic methods	Population	Prevalence	Female prevalence	Male prevalence	Incidence	Female incidence	Male incidence
Rautiainen et al. [11]	Finland	2007	1, 2, 5, 6	2/3 of a, b, d	2,972,189	18.0	29.2	5.5	1.7	2.7	0.8
Pla et al. [12]	Spain	2007	1, 2, 3, 5	2/3 of a, b/c, d	389,758	19.5	37.02	—	1.72	2.84	—
Eaton et al. [13]	Denmark	2007	2	ICD	5,472,032	12.0	—	—	—	—	—
Baldursdottir et al. [14]	Iceland	2012	1, 2, 3, 5	2/3 of a, b, d	317,630	38.3	64.4	12.5	2.5	4.1	1.0
McNally et al. [15]	England	2014	1, 2, 3, 4, 5	2/3 of a, b, d	2,050,000	—	—	—	4.509	7.668	0.949
Koulentaki et al. [16]	Greece	2014	2	2/3 of a, b, d	600,000	36.5	—	—	2.088	—	—
Boonstra et al. [17]	Netherlands	2014	1, 3, 5, 6, 7	2/3 of a, b, d	5,855,630	13.2	—	—	1.1	1.9	0.3
Heetun et al. [18]	Ireland	2015	2	—	500,000	10.0	—	—	1.4	—	—
Lleo et al. [19]	Italy	2016	2, 7	—	9,742,676	29.5	—	—	1.67	2.19	1.07
Lleo et al. [19]	Denmark	2016	2	—	5,534,738	12.2	20.3	3.5	1.14	1.77	0.47
Gatselis et al. [20]	Greece	2017	8	2/3 of a, b/c, d	750,000	58.2	—	—	—	—	—
Pares et al. [21]	Spain	2018	1 (delphi)	2/3 of a, b, d/US	46,400,000	20.2	—	—	2.2	—	—
Marzioni et al. [22]	Italy	2019	2	ICD	1,204,216	27.9	—	—	5.31	—	—
Madir et al. [23]	Croatia	2019	2	2/3 of a, b, d	331,288	11.5	—	—	0.79	—	—
Madir et al. [23]	Croatia	2019	2	2/3 of a, b, d	296,195	12.5	—	—	0.89	—	—
Marschall et al. [24]	Sweden	2019	2, 4, 7	ICD	8,065,261	34.6	—	—	2.6	—	—
Drazilova et al. [25]	Slovakia	2020	1	2/3 of a, b/c, d	1,600,000	14.9	28.0	—	1.2	2.2	—
Sebode et al. [26]	Germany	2020	7	ICD	8,100,000	36.9	61.2	12.4	—	—	—

The point-prevalence rate is reported as cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The annual incidence rate is reported as new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Cases-finding methods: (1) survey of physicians, (2) hospital records, (3) laboratory data on antimitochondrial antibody positivity, (4) death notifications, (5) histology data on liver biopsies, (6) liver transplant records, (7) pharmacy or insurance databases or billing system, and (8) prospectively collected registry. Diagnostic methods: (a) cholestatic liver panel, (b) antimitochondrial antibody positivity, (c) antinuclear (anti-gp210/anti-sp100) antibody positivity, (d) compatible liver histology, ICD: International Classification of Diseases, US: abdominal ultrasound.