Admission Serum Bicarbonate Predicts Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Cirrhotic Patients

Table 4

Association of admission SB with cirrhosis complications during hospitalization.

Variable	AKI/HRS^†	PSE^†	GIB^†	Ascites^†	SBP^†
SB 22–25	1	1	1	1	1
SB < 14	8.49 (4.31–16.72)	2.22 (1.08–4.56)	2.19 (1.12–4.27)	0.75 (0.39–1.43)	2.13 (1.01–4.52)
SB 14–17	3.64 (2.53–5.24)	1.69 (1.03–2.76)	1.56 (1.02–2.40)	0.97 (0.66–1.41)	1.10 (0.56–2.15)
SB 18–21	1.99 (1.52–2.62)	1.11 (0.73–1.68)	1.00 (0.72–1.39)	1.19 (0.90–1.56)	1.44 (0.93–2.22)
SB 26–29	0.91 (0.64–1.30)	0.97 (0.59–1.59)	0.40 (0.25–0.65)	1.04 (0.75–1.43)	0.70 (0.42–1.16)
SB 30–33	0.98 (0.50–1.93)	1.20 (0.50–2.90)	0.56 (0.24–1.31)	0.76 (0.39–1.50)	1.29 (0.44–3.78)
SB >33	1.52 (0.59–3.95)	2.12 (0.70–6.37)	–	1.46 (0.60–3.55)	1.92 (0.56–6.55)
Age^§	1.03 (1.02–1.04)	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.99 (0.98–1.01)	0.97 (0.97–0.98)	0.99 (0.97–1.00)
Male vs female	0.94 (0.74–1.18)	1.01 (0.72–1.39)	0.90 (0.69–1.19)	1.52 (1.21–1.92)	1.02 (0.72–1.45)
MELD-Na^§	1.15 (1.13–1.17)	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	0.98 (0.96–1.01)	1.08 (1.06–1.10)	1.15 (1.12–1.18)
Albumin^§	0.84 (0.71–0.98)	0.61 (0.48–0.76)	0.73 (0.59–0.89)	0.52 (0.44–0.61)	0.65 (0.52–0.77)

Statistically significant ORs are in bold. Reference SB group against which other SB categories were compared. ^†Adjusted ORs (95% CI) calculated using multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, MELD-Na, and serum albumin. ^§Continuous variables: age (years), MELD-Na score, and albumin (g/dL). SB, serum bicarbonate; AKI/HRS, acute kidney injury or hepatorenal syndrome; PSE, portosystemic encephalopathy; GIB, gastrointestinal bleed; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; MELD-Na, Model of End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.