Biologic Agents in Crohn’s Patients Reduce CD4⁺ T Cells Activation and Are Inversely Related to Treg Cells

Figure 1

Phenotypic characterization of CD4⁺ T cells. Green plots healthy individuals, red triangles represent Crohn’s patients undergoing biological therapy, and blue triangles represent Crohn’s patients undergoing nonbiological therapy. (a) The subject’s PBMC showing the percentage of total CD4⁺ T cells. (b)–(d) Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD4⁺ T cells expressing CD73⁺, HLA-DR⁺, and CD38⁺, respectively. Each dot represents an individual, and bars indicate medians in the graphs. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.

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