A Meta-Analysis of Statin Use and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Table 2

Comparison of reported baseline risk factors for HCC and analysis of potential confounders in included studies.

Study	Age (y)		Sex (% male)		Diabetes (% total)		Cirrhosis (% total)		HBV/HCV (% total)		Alcoholic liver disease or alcohol use (% total)		Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug/aspirin (% total)		Nonstatin lipid-lowering drug (% total)
	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control
Karl et al. (2019)	NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR
Friis et al. (2005)	60.7	46.6	57	50	NR		NR		NR		NR		NR/NR/80	NR/NR/48	NR
Tsan et al. (2013)	53.9	49.8	49.8	50.2	56.5	23.1	9.6	19.7	0/100	0/100	8.8	11.5	53.9/81.4/58.9	25.1/67.0/24.8	6.6	0.5
Butt et al. (2015)	53	52	96.4	94.9	22.1	6.8	17.3	25.2	0/100	0/100	30.4	33.2	NR		NR
Simon et al. (2016)	53.5	52.5	96.16	95.37	24.03	8.87	14.02	21.43	0/100	0/100	34.81	38.79	65.7/NR/NR	38.11/NR/NR	15.53	4.02
Kim et al. (2017)	61.8	61.8	83.6	83.6	18.6	11.2	34.2	1.1	NR		16.9	5.1	NR/NR/17.7	NR/NR/20.4	NR
Yi et al. (2019)	NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR
Goh et al. (2019)	50	47	67.6	66.1	39.6	10.9	14	25.1	100/0	100/0	NR		NR		NR
El-Serag et al. (2009)	72	72	99	99	100	100	28.2^a	1.6	1.9/14.7	0.2/1.8	16.5	1.2	64/21.2/44.6	67.4/20.6/47.9	4.1	3.9
McGlynn et al. (2015)	67.2	67	71.6	71.6	29	10	NR		6.2	0.1	15.8	4	NR		NR
Tran et al. (2019)^#	NR		67.3	67.1	12.2	4.2	NR		NR		55.7	56.9	NR/36.0/36.4	NR/36.1/31.3	NR
Tran et al. (2019)	NR		62.6	46.1	19.2	5	NR		NR		83.5	91.7	NR/12.6/23.6	NR/16.3/13.7	NR
Marelli et al. (2011)	64.2	64.2	52.2	52.6	16.1	15.8	NR		0.06	0.06	NR		—/28.4/19.4	—/28.2/19.6	NR
Friedman et al. (2008)^a	NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR
Hsiang (2015)	58.7	37.6	67.9	25.5	45.1	7.4	2.7	1.6	NR		NR		53.1/20.6/NR	3.5/1.8/NR	NR
Mohanty (2016)	56	54	98.3	97.7	54.8	28.9	NR		NR		52.5	56.6	NR		NR
Björkhem-Bergman (2014)	NR		52	52	NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR
Friedman (2016)	NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR
McGlynn (2014)			74.47	74.36	42.55	25.85	NR		1.06/48.94	0.21/1.71	25.53	0.85	NR		NR
German et al. (2020)	64.3	65.2	64.7	64.7	64.7	76.5	91	98	NR		NR		26.5/NR/41.2	48.5/NR/58.8	NR
Yang et al. (2013)	NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR
Galli et al. (2014)	51.1	45.7	80	76	NR		NR		6/14	6/32	NR		NR		NR
Kumar et al. (2013)	59.79	59.64	54.32	54.32	55.56	30.86	100	100	2.47/22.22	6.17/33.95	22.22	24.07	NR		NR
McGlynn et al. (2016)	68.1	67.9	NR		17.1	7.89	NR		2.1	0.1	4.4	1.4	NR/NR/28.3	NR/NR/24.1	NR
Kim et al. (2016)	NR		81.4	81.4	100	100	40.6	2.5	NR		11.8	8.7	NR/NR/23.6	NR/NR/29.3	NR
Kim et al. (2019)	55.4	51.8	41.1	51.8	NR		0	0	100/0	100/0	31.2	38	NR		NR
Kaplan et al. (2019)	64	NR	97.5	NR	70.8	40.6	53.2	34.2	NR/11.2	NR/19	38.6	29.2	NR		NR
Simon et al. (2019)	NR		65.6	34.8/32.8	30.5	30.6/30.0	10.7	10.7/10.8	11.0/13.7	NR	14.1	14.0/14.3	NR/NR/35.5	NR/NR/35.4/36.0	NR
Matsushita et al. (2010)	57.9	57.1	52.6	50.5	19.7	21.5	NR		NR		NR		NR		NR
CTT (2012)	63		71		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR
Sato et al. (2006)	NR		81.7		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR		NR

Note: for case-control study design, case refers to patients with HCC and control refers to patients without HCC; for cohort study design, case refers to statin users and control refers to statin nonusers. NR, not reported. ^#Data source: the primary care clinical informatics unit (PCCIU) database. Data source: the UK Biobank. ^aSeparate analyses of male and female subjects.