Diversity of Molecular Mechanisms Conferring Carbapenem Resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Saudi Arabia

Table 2

Serotypes, resistance patterns, and phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.

Isolate	Serotype	Minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/L)										Genotypic profile	PFGE type	Plasmid
		IPM	MER	DOR	CAZ	CIP	TM	CS	AN	ATM	TIC
1	O:11	128	64	64	>256	>16	>128	1	128	16	>1,024	IMP-7, OXA-10, VIM-11	A	No
2	O:11	32	64	32	>256	>16	>128	2	128	16	>1,024	IMP-7, OXA-10, VIM-11	A	No
3	O:11	128	128	64	>256	>16	128	1	32	16	>1,024	IMP-7, OXA-10, VIM-11	A	No
4	O:11	>256	>128	>128	>256	>16	64	1	16	16	>1,024	IMP-7, OXA-10, VIM-2	B	No
5	O:11	>256	>128	>128	128	0.5	>128	2	32	8	>1,024	VIM-4, IMP-7, OXA-2	C	No
6	O:11	>256	>128	>128	256	0.5	1	1	64	8	>1,024	VIM-4, IMP-7, OXA-2	C	No
7	O:11	>256	>128	128	128	>16	>128	8	256	32	>1,024	VIM-4, IMP-7, OXA-2	D	No
8	O:7	64	64	32	256	>16	>128	2	128	8	>1,024	VIM-28	E	>50 kb
9	NT	128	128	64	>256	>16	64	2	>256	>512	>1,024	OXA-10, VEB-1a, GES-4, VIM-1	A	No
10	O:4	16	16	4	>256	>16	64	2	>256	128	>1,024	IMP-7, OXA-10, VIM-11	A	No
11	O:15	32	32	32	>256	>16	128	2	64	>512	>1,024	OXA-10, VEB-1a	F	50 kb
12	O:15	32	32	>128	>256	>16	128	2	32	512	1,024	OXA-10, VEB-1a	F	50 kb
13	O:15	32	32	16	>256	>16	>128	2	128	>512	>1,024	OXA-10, VEB-1a	F	50 kb
14	O:15	32	32	16	>256	>16	64	1	32	>512	>1,024	OXA-10, VEB-1a	F	50 kb
15	O:15	32	32	8	>256	>16	64	1	32	>512	1,024	OXA-10, VEB-1a	F	50 kb
16	O:15	32	32	16	>256	>16	128	2	64	>512	>1,024	OXA-10, VEB-1a	F	50 kb
17	O:15	32	128	64	>256	>16	64	1	32	>512	>1,024	OXA-10, VEB-1a	F	50 kb
18	O:15	>256	128	64	>256	>16	64	2	32	>512	>1,024	OXA-10, VEB-1a	F	50 kb
19	O:15	32	32	16	>256	>16	128	2	32	>512	>1,024	OXA-10, VEB-1a	F	50 kb
20	O:11	128	128	128	>256	>16	64	1	32	16	>1,024	IMP-7	G	No
21	O:11	16	32	32	>256	>16	64	1	16	8	512	IMP-7	H	No
22	O:11	16	32	16	>256	>16	32	2	16	>512	>1,024	VEB-1b, OprD−, MexAB+	I	No
23	O:11	16	16	4	>256	>16	64	2	64	>512	1,024	VEB-1b, OprD−, MexAB+	J	No
24	O:11	16	16	8	>256	>16	64	2	32	512	1,024	VEB-1b	J	No
25	O:11	>256	32	16	>256	>256	64	2	64	256	>1,024	VEB-1b, OprD−	J	No
26	O:11	16	16	4	>256	>16	32	2	32	>512	>1,024	VEB-1b	J	No
27	O:11	13	8	4	>256	>16	32	2	32	512	1,024	VEB-1b	J	No
28	O:4	32	32	2	128	4	128	1	16	16	>1,024	GES-1, OprD−	K	No
29	O:4	128	128	64	256	>16	64	2	>256	32	1,024	GES-6	L	No
30	O:10	16	16	8	32	0.3	1	2	4	512	256	OprD−	M	No
31	O:4	32	16	8	64	0.5	1	1	4	64	256	OprD−, MexAB+	N	No
32	O:10	8	8	8	64	0.3	1	2	2	64	64	OprD−	N	No
33	O:11	64	32	32	64	1	1	1	8	64	128	OprD−, MexAB+	N	No
34	O:1	32	16	4	8	1	64	2	8	16	>1,024	OprD−, PSE-1, MexAB+	N	No

Minimum inhibitory concentration interpretation according to CLSI (2014) recommendations [20].
IPM: imipenem; MER: meropenem; DOR: doripenem; CAZ: ceftazidime; AN: amikacin; TM: tobramycin; CIP: ciprofloxacin; CS: colistin; ATM: aztreonam; TIC: ticarcillin.
NT: nontypable.
OprD−: downregulation of OprD porin.
MexAB+: upregulation of MexAB.