Ertapenem Articulating Spacer for the Treatment of Polymicrobial Total Knee Arthroplasty Infection

Table 1

Polymicrobial TKA infections: patient characteristics and outcomes.

Patient age/gender	ASA score	Comorbidities	Microbes	First spacer exchange antibiotics	Second spacer antibiotics (if performed)	Outcome
68/female	2	Diabetes and hypothyroidism	Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter spp.	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin		Reimplantation; LCCK
57/male	3	Old heart attack and obesity	Methicillin-resistant S. aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin	Ertapenem 4 g + Refobacin	Reimplantation, RH Knee
59/female	2	Controlled hypertension and diabetes	Klebsiella pneumoniae Serratia marcescens	Refobacin		Reimplantation; LCCK
73/female	2	Rheumatoid arthritis	Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus epidermidis	Ertapenem 4 g + Refobacin		Reimplantation; LCCK
77/female	3	Hypothyroidism; Stable angina	Streptococcus spp.; Serratia marcescens	Ertapenem 4 g + Refobacin		Reimplantation; LCCK
63/female	4	Unstable angina and renal failure	Methicillin-resistant; S. aureus Escherichia coli	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin	Ertapenem 4 g + Refobacin	Reimplantation, RH Knee
72/male	2	Obesity and hypertension	Klebsiella spp.; Serratia marcescens	Ertapenem 4 g + Refobacin		Reimplantation; LCCK
76/male	1		Staphylococcus aureus Peptostreptococcus spp.	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin	Knee arthrodesis
62/female	2	Rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and hypertension	Klebsiella spp.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Ertapenem 4 g + Refobacin		Reimplantation; LCCK
64/male	1		Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin		Knee arthrodesis
71/female	3	Controlled congestive heart failure and obesity	Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin		Reimplantation, RH Knee
55/female	4	Congestive heart failure and signs of hepatorenal failure	Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin	Persistent infection. Lost to follow-up
72/male	1		Streptococcus spp.; Escherichia coli	Ceftazidime 2 g + Refobacin		Reimplantation; LCCK
69/female	2	Hypertension	Methicillin-resistant S. aureus Enterococcus faecalis	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin		Reimplantation; LCCK
67/female	2	Diabetes	Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus and; Proteus mirabilis	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin	Ceftazidime 2 g + Refobacin	Persistent infection. Above knee amputation
59/female	3	Rheumatoid arthritis	Coagulase-negative. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae	Vancomycin 2 g + Refobacin	Ertapenem 4 g + Refobacin	Reimplantation, RH Knee
72/female	4	Unstable angina and signs of hepatorenal failure	Methicillin-resistant; Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli	Ertapenem 4 g + Refobacin		Knee arthrodesis
63/male	1		Acinetobacter spp.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Ertapenem 4 g + Refobacin		Knee arthrodesis