Pelvic Actinomycosis

Table 6

Publications of cross-sectional studies of pelvic actinomycosis.

Sample size	Period	Age	Diagnosis	Diagnosis method	Previous use of IUD	Important findings	Reference
121,193	March 1977–November 1979	21–51		Papanicolaou	Yes = 11,952; (6 months–12 years)	202 cases with , 2 patients were not IUD users	1980, Fry et al.; South Africa [64]
2290		17–76	MSA	Papanicolaou	Yes (prolonged use)	19 out of 2290 were diagnosed with MSA Statistically significant correlation of the presence of MSA with Trichomonas vaginalis, cocci, lactobacilli, pseudoeosinophils, endocervical cells, and polymorphs	2005, Demirezen et al.; Turkey [65]
ND	January 1994–January 2010	6–75	Actinomycosis	TAC first and later histological report with finding of MSA	Yes = 2	23 cases of abdominal pelvic actinomycosis were identified: 18 women: 5 had ovarian and pelvic masses, 2 in the uterus; as an important risk factor, 2 patients used IUDs	2011, Sung et al.; Korea [66]
293	March 1978–March 1979	ND	MSA	Papanicolaou sample observations	Yes = 128 plastic IUDs and 167 copper IUDs; Oral contraceptives = 300	40 women with IUDs had increased prevalence of MSA, 2 who used copper and none who used oral contraceptives	1980, Duguid et al. England [67]
468; Comparative study with 4 sample groups	ND		MSA	Papanicolaou samples	Cases without IUD (group 0: 128); 2 to 35 months IUD use (group 1: 121); 36 to 71 months (group 2: 112); more than 72 months (group 3: 107)	MSA was found in 2 cases from group 2 and in 7 patients from group 3 MSA was 3.68 times more likely with greater use	1999, Garrido et al. Colombia [68]
1774	January 1996–January 2001	22–51	Actinomycosis	Papanicolaou samples	Yes = 671 oral contraceptive methods = 343; Other contraceptive methods = 32; No contraceptive use = 728	Actinomycosis in 13 patients with IUDs and in 2 without contraceptive methods	2002, Torres et al. Chile [69]
22		24–58	Genital actinomycosis	Biopsy results	Yes = 18 (3–19 years)		2003, Madrid et al. Chile [70]
200	ND	25–50	Actinomyces	Vaginal secretion culture, Gram stain, Papanicolaou, API 20A biochemical assays	Yes = 106 (3–10 years); No = 94	Actinomyces in 14 patients with IUDs, of which 2 had no symptoms of infection; species: Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslund ii, and Actinomyces odontolyticus	2002, Cano Ramos et al.; Mexico [71]

= microorganisms similar to Actinomyces.
= not disclosed.