Review Article
The Risk Factors of Acquiring Severe Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Table 3
Egger’s test of all risk factors.
| | Risk factors | Number of studies | Egger’s test | Publication bias (yes or no) | Model | | value | value |
| | Female | 4 | −0.12 | 0.916 | No | F | | Scatter-lived children | 4 | 1.18 | 0.361 | No | R | | Floating population | 4 | 0.58 | 0.620 | No | R | | Fever | 8 | −0.74 | 0.492 | No | R | | Fever for more than 3 days | 3 | −0.04 | 0.976 | No | F | | Vomiting | 6 | 1.68 | 0.168 | No | R | | Limb trembling | 4 | 1.36 | 0.306 | No | R | | Dyspnea | 4 | 3.51 | 0.072 | No | R | | Contact with HFMD children | 4 | −0.72 | 0.548 | No | R | | Rash on the hands | 3 | −1.00 | 0.499 | No | R | | Rash on the foot | 3 | 1.92 | 0.306 | No | F | | Rashes on the hips | 3 | −84.52 | 0.008 | Yes | F | | Level of the clinic visited first (below the country level) | 3 | −1.10 | 0.470 | No | R | | Breast feeding | 3 | −9.69 | 0.065 | No | R | | Pathologic reflexes | 3 | 1.18 | 0.448 | No | F | | Lethargy | 5 | 3.09 | 0.054 | No | R | | Convulsions | 5 | 0.40 | 0.718 | No | R | | EV71 infection | 7 | 1.83 | 0.126 | No | R |
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R, random effect model; F, fixed effect model.
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