Research Article
Candida Bloodstream Infection: Changing Pattern of Occurrence and Antifungal Susceptibility over 10 Years in a Tertiary Care Saudi Hospital
| | Identified variables | Variable | 14 days postisolation outcome | | Hospital outcome | | | Dead N (%) | Alive N (%) | value | Dead N (%) | Alive N (%) | value |
| | Age | ≤18 | 15 (23.4) | 49 (76.6) | 0.054 | 26 (40.6) | 38 (59.4) | 0.001 | | >18 | 94 (36.2) | 166 (63.8) | | 164 (63.1) | 96 (36.9) | | Mean age ± SD | | 54.9 ± 26 | 47 ± 28.82 | 0.013 | 55.7 ± 26.2 | 41.2 ± 28.7 | <0.001 | | Gender | Male | 60 (34.7) | 113 (65.5) | 0.671 | 102 (59) | 71 (41) | 0.901 | | Female | 49 (32.5) | 102 (67.5) | 88 (58.3) | 63 (41.7) | | Primary diagnosis | Abdominal pathology | 13 (28.3) | 33 (71.7) | 0.404 | 29 (63) | 17 (37) | 0.513 | | 96 (34.5) | 182 (65.5) | 161 (57.9) | 117 (42.1) | | Malignancy | 23 (37.1) | 39 (62.9) | 0.522 | 39 (62.9) | 23 (37.1) | 0.449 | | 86 (32.8) | 176 (67.2) | 151 (57.9) | 111 (42.4) | | Trauma/surgery | 4 (13.8) | 25 (86.2) | 0.018 | 11 (37.9) | 18 (62.1) | 0.018 | | 105 (35.6) | 190 (64.4) | 179 (60.7) | 116 (39.3) | | Sepsis/infection | 40 (40.8) | 58 (59.2) | 0.072 | 60 (61.2) | 38 (38.8) | 0.534 | | 69 (30.5) | 157 (69.5) | 130 (57.5) | 96 (42.5) | | Kidney disease | 12 (32.4) | 25 (67.6) | 0.869 | 22 (59.5) | 15 (40.5) | 0.915 | | 97(33.8) | 190 (66.2) | 168 (58.5) | 119 (41.5) | | Burn | 4 (30.8) | 9 (69.2) | 0.823 | 7 (53.8) | 6 (46.2) | 0.720 | | 105 (33.8) | 206 (66.2) | 183 (58.8) | 128 (41.2) | | Others | 36 (32.1) | 76 (67.9) | 0.678 | 67 (59.8) | 45 (40.2) | 0.754 | | 73 (34.4) | 139 (65.6) | 123 (58) | 89 (42) | | Comorbidities | Diabetes mellitus | 59 (35.8) | 106 (64.2) | 0.412 | 113 (68.5) | 52 (31.5) | <0.001 | | 50 (31.4) | 109 (68.6) | 77 (48.4) | 82 (51.6) | | Renal disease | 48 (44.9) | 59 (55.1) | 0.003 | 79 (73.8) | 28 (26.2) | <0.001 | | 61 (28.1) | 156 (71.9) | 111 (51.2) | 106 (48.8) | | Cardiac disease | 24 (32) | 51 (68.1) | 0.731 | 55 (73.3) | 20 (26.7) | 0.003 | | 85 (34.1) | 164 (65.9) | 135 (54.2) | 114 (45.8) | | Respiratory disease | 16 (37.2) | 27 (62.8) | 0.595 | 27 (62.8) | 16 (37.2) | 0.553 | | 93 (33.1) | 188 (66.9) | 163 (58) | 118 (42) | | Liver disease | 16 (53.3) | 14 (46.7) | 0.017 | 24 (80) | 6 (20) | 0.013 | | 93 (31.6) | 201 (68.4) | 166 (56.5) | 128 (43.5) | | Malignancy | 20 (35.1) | 37 (64.9) | 0.799 | 32 (56.1) | 25 (43.9) | 0.673 | | 89 (33.3) | 178 (66.7) | 158 (59.2) | 109 (40.8) | | Recent steroid use | 62 (39.2) | 96 (60.8) | 0.037 | 106 (67.1) | 52 (32.9) | 0.003 | | 47 (28.3) | 119 (71.7) | 84 (50.6) | 82 (49.4) | | Others | 5 (33.3) | 10 (66.7) | 0.979 | 179 (57.9) | 4 (26.7) | 0.237 | | 104 (33.7) | 205 (66.3 | 11 (73.3) | 130 (42.1) | | Site at isolation | ICU | 81 (37) | 138 (63) | 0.066 | 141 (64.4) | 78 (35.6) | 0.002 | | Non-ICU | 28 (26.7) | 77 (73.3) | 49 (46.7) | 56 (53.3) | | Device related | Yes | 76 (40.4) | 112 (59.6) | 0.002 | 124 (66) | 64 (43) | 0.002 | | No | 33 (24.3) | 103 (75.7) | 66 (48.5) | 70 (51.5) | | Prior ICU admission | Yes | 68 (34.9) | 127 (65.1) | 0.565 | 121 (62.1) | 74 (37.9) | 0.126 | | No | 41 (31.8) | 88 (68.2) | 69 (53.5) | 60 (46.5) | | Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics | Yes | 95 (36) | 169 (64) | 0.061 | 168 (88.4) | 96 (71.6) | <0.001 | | No | 14 (23.3) | 46 (76.7) | | | | Candida species | C. albicans | 40 (37) | 68 (63) | 0.322 | 46 (42.6) | 62 (57.4) | 0.666 | | Nonalbicans | | | | | | (i) C. tropicalis | 69 (31.9) | 147 (68) | 88 (40.7) | 128 (59.3) | | (ii) C. glabrata | 21 (29.2) | 51 (70.8) | 42 (58.3) | 30 (41.7) | | (iii) C. parapsilosis | 19 (31.7) | 41 (68.3) | 40 (66.7) | 20 (33.3) | | (iv) C. krusei | 15 (28.8) | 37 (71.2) | 28 (53.8) | 24 (46.2) | | | 9 (52.9) | 8 (47.1) | 11 (64.7) | 6 (35.3) | | Risk factors | Yes | 105 (33.5) | 208 (66.5) | 0.846 | 186 (58.4) | 127 (40.6) | 0.127 | | No | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | | Prior colonization | Yes | 35 (35) | 65 (65) | 0.730 | 62 (62) | 38 (38) | 0.412 | | No | 74 (33) | 150 (67) | 128 (57.1) | 96 (42.9) | | Treatment duration | ≤48 h | 18 (69.2) | 8 (30.8) | 0.001 | 21 (80.8) | 5 (19.2) | 0.017 | | >48 h | 83 (29.5) | 198 (70.5) | 159 (56.6) | 122 (43.4) | | Azole therapy | Yes | 15 (20) | 60 (80) | 0.004 | 33 (44) | 42 (56) | 0.003 | | No | 94 (37.8) | 155 (62.2) | 157 (63.1) | 92 (36.9) |
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