Resistance of House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), to Five Insecticides in Zhejiang Province, China: The Situation in 2017

Table 1

LD₅₀ and the RR value of the five insecticides in the house flies in Zhejiang Province, China (LD₅₀, μg/fly).

City	Year	Dichlorvos			Propoxur			Permethrin			Deltamethrin			Beta-cypermethrin
		LD50	95% CI	RR	LD50	95% CI	RR	LD50	95% CI	RR	LD50	95% CI	RR	LD50	95% CI	RR
Susceptible strain	2017	0.7781	0.7018–0.8626	—	0.1550	0.1395–0.1722	—	0.0108	0.0092–0.0127	—	0.0007	0.0006–0.0009	—	0.0090	0.0074–0.0109	—
	2014	0.0453	0.0371–0.0577	—	0.2973	0.2493–0.3543	—	0.0108	0.0092–0.0127	—	0.0009	0.0008–0.0011	—	0.0036	0.0030–0.0043	—
	2011	0.0962	0.0851–0.1076	—	0.0458	0.0396–0.0524	—	0.0124	0.0109–0.0139	—	0.0019	0.0017–0.0023	—	0.0117	0.0103–0.0132	—
Hangzhou	2017	1.0612	0.9162–1.2321	1.3638	8.8094	7.4675–10.3778	56.8348	—	—	—	0.0777	0.0667–0.0904	111.0000	0.1988	0.1725–0.2302	22.0889
	2014	0.3290	0.2832–0.3830	7.2627	>400.0000	—	>1345.4423	—	—	—	0.0696	0.0605–0.0799	77.3333	0.2001	0.1741–0.2308	55.5833
	2011	1.4749	1.2368–1.7588	15.3316	0.2661	0.2303–0.3073	5.8100	—	—	—	0.1045	0.0776–0.1407	55.0000	0.9399	0.7312–1.2081	80.3333
Huzhou	2017	40.4090	29.8130–62.1787	51.9329	23.8774	19.7867–29.2366	154.0477	0.0679	0.0517–0.0889	6.2870	0.1100	0.0781–0.1474	157.1429	0.3224	0.1954–0.4600	35.8222
	2014	0.0053	0.0048–0.0060	0.1170	0.0281	0.0203–0.0409	0.0945	0.0028	0.0010–0.0045	0.2593	0.0021	0.0019–0.0024	2.3333	0.0100	0.0089–0.0011	2.7778
	2011	0.5096	0.4477–0.5802	5.2973	0.1763	0.1384–0.2245	3.8493	0.2001	0.1622–0.2468	16.1371	0.0105	0.0088–0.0127	5.5263	0.0156	0.0127–0.0193	1.3333
Jiaxing	2017	0.4743	0.2437–1.2615	0.6096	0.5654	0.2113–3.3226	3.6477	0.0878	0.0451–0.2263	8.1296	0.0074	0.0045–0.0118	10.5714	0.0146	0.0082–0.0265	1.6222
	2014	0.6746	0.3206–2.1420	14.8918	0.3563	0.1542–1.4583	1.1985	0.0433	0.0252–0.0894	4.0093	0.0052	0.0031–0.0074	5.7778	0.0082	0.0051–0.1450	2.2778
	2011	0.0232	0.1284–0.5067	0.2412	0.0232	0.0158–0.0354	0.5066	—	—	—	0.0105	0.0016–0.1038	5.5263	0.1036	0.0751–1.4900	8.8547
Jinhua	2017	0.5934	0.4955–0.6966	0.7626	0.6838	0.5346–0.7499	4.4116	0.1199	0.0867–0.1294	11.1019	0.0204	0.0179–0.0255	29.1429	0.0691	0.0513–0.0750	7.6778
	2014	0.5491	0.4637–0.6504	12.1214	0.4088	0.3342–0.4913	1.3750	0.0968	0.0684–0.1241	8.9630	0.0182	0.0154–0.0216	20.2222	0.0541	0.0442–0.0659	15.0278
	2011	1.0651	0.9050–1.2401	11.0717	—	—	—	0.1321	0.1082–0.1589	10.6532	0.0220	0.0190–0.0255	11.5789	0.0902	0.0758–0.1068	7.7094
Lishui	2017	—	—	—	>121.5000	—	>783.8710	0.4106	0.3796–0.4462	38.0185	0.0288	0.0129–0.0654	41.1429	0.0030	0.0014–0.0066	0.3333
Ningbo	2014	0.0096	0.0026–0.0490	0.2119	0.0295	0.0115–0.0512	0.0992	0.0048	0.0012–0.0091	0.4444	0.0053	0.0015–0.1270	5.8889	0.0022	0.0003–0.0129	0.6111
	2011	0.0056	0.0013–0.0280	0.0582	0.0115	0.0091–0.0270	0.2511	0.0012	0.0008–0.0010	0.0968	0.0054	0.0016–0.1271	2.8421	0.0022	0.0003–0.0129	0.1880
Quzhou	2017	0.3161	0.2561–0.4002	0.4062	—	—	—	0.3130	0.2525–0.3847	28.9815	0.0491	0.0414–0.0586	70.1429	0.2190	0.1833–0.2706	24.3333
Shaoxing	2017	3.1175	2.8063–3.4663	4.0066	—	—	—	0.1805	0.1548–0.2090	16.7130	0.0646	0.0577–0.0727	92.2857	0.2314	0.1587–0.5060	25.7111
	2014	0.7610	0.6116–0.8881	16.7991	1.0406	0.8586–2.4601	3.5002	0.2430	0.1993–0.2758	22.5000	0.0111	0.0015–0.0231	12.3333	0.1483	0.1038–0.2113	41.1944
	2011	1.1506	1.0305–1.2821	11.9605	—	—	—	0.2079	0.1793–0.2358	16.7661	0.0568	0.0493–0.0644	29.8947	0.4536	0.3958–0.5113	38.7692
Taizhou	2017	0.2583	0.2282–0.2924	0.3320	>110.0000	—	>709.6774	0.1190	0.1042–0.1350	11.0185	0.0602	0.0526–0.0688	86.0000	0.5588	0.4740–0.6525	62.0889
Wenzhou	2017	9.6679	8.1328–11.5459	12.4250	>48.0000	—	>309.6774	0.4253	0.3488–0.5185	39.3796	0.2626	0.2148–0.3187	375.1429	3.2818	2.7617–3.8915	364.6444
	2014	0.1708	0.1146–0.2433	3.7704	1.0634	0.0000–2.5492	3.5769	0.1144	0.0549–0.1672	10.5926	0.0072	0.0011–0.0127	8.0000	0.0214	0.0047–0.0349	5.9444
	2011	0.2616	0.1434–0.4642	2.7193	0.5291	0.2295–0.9901	11.5524	0.1571	0.0849–0.2377	12.6694	0.0098	0.0070–0.0131	5.1579	0.0389	0.0172–0.0672	3.3248
Yiwu	2017	—	—	—	0.7436	0.5956–0.9835	4.7974	0.1313	0.1111–0.1534	12.1574	0.0121	0.0098–0.0145	17.2857	0.0420	0.0376–0.0510	4.6667
	2011	0.9972	0.8861–1.1126	10.3659	—	—		0.1245	0.1038–0.1454	10.0403	0.0374	0.0323–0.0424	19.6842	0.1150	0.0913–0.1357	9.8291
Zhoushan	2017	0.2904	0.2347–0.3647	0.3732	58.8719	37.4590–91.7088	379.8187	0.2395	0.1657–0.3473	22.1759	0.1142	0.0557–0.2041	163.1429	0.2041	0.1340–0.3077	22.6778

Resistant population (RR ≥ 5 and the 95% Confidence interval between the tested strain and the susceptible strain was not overlapped).