Histoplasmosis-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Review of the Literature

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of histoplasmosis-induced HLH patients at our institution (n = 5).

Case #	Year	Age	Gender	Race	Comorbid conditions	Immunosuppressive agent	Yeast in BM	Urine histoplasma Ag	Sites growing histoplasma	CXR findings
1	2011	48	M	White	HIV/CD4 count 50	None	Yes	Above LoQ	Blood	No infiltrates
2	2014	48	F	White	MCTD	HCQ/prednisone 10 mg daily	No	Above LoQ	Blood	LAD without infiltrates
3	2016	75	M	White	Crohn’s	Infliximab/azathioprine/prednisone	Yes	N/A (serum Ag: above LoQ)	Blood and BM	No infiltrates
4	2017	46	M	African American	Sarcoid	Prednisone	Yes	Above LoQ	Blood and BM	Diffuse infiltrate
5	2017	41	M	White	HIV/CD4 count 10	None	N/A	Above LoQ	Blood	Diffuse infiltrate

M: male; F: female; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; MCTD: mixed connective tissue disease; N/A: not applicable, BM: bone marrow; dexa: dexamethasone; CXR: chest X-ray; Ag: antigen; LAD: lymphadenopathy; LoQ: limit of quantification; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine.