Risk Factors Associated with Fatal Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Adults: A Case Control Study

Table 3

Selected signs and symptoms on admission.

	Symptom	Controls n, (%)	Cases n, (%)	value	Odds ratio (95% CI)
1	Age >40 years	20 (25)	7 (35)	0.36	1.6 (0.5–4.6)
2	Headache	55 (68.7)	3 (15)	0.01	0.82 (0.02–0.31)
3	Arthralgia/myalgia	68 (85)	6 (30)	0.350	1.08 (1.02–1.16)
4	Fever	55 (68.7)	8 (40)	0.219	0.49 (0.16–1.53)
5	Persistent vomiting	20 (25)	6 (30)	0.60	1.27 (0.42–3.7)
6	Abdominal pain	26 (32.5)	6 (30)	0.151	0.89 (0.3–2.58)
7	Postural dizziness	24 (30)	11 (55)	0.02	3.2 (1.1–8.9)
8	Bleeding	2 (2.5)	9 (45)	0.0001	31.9 (6.08–167.34)
9	Diarrhea	14 (17.5)	2 (10)	0.468	1.8 (0.33–10.72)
10	Right upper quadrant pain	3 (3.7)	1 (5)	0.0001	1.3 (0.76–2.35)
11	Altered consciousness	0	4 (20)	0.0001
Signs
12	Abdominal tenderness	33 (41.2)	11 (55)	0.126	2.24 (0.79–6.38)
13	Mucosal bleeding	1 (1.2)	9 (45)	0.0001	64.6 (7.45–560.5)
14	Pleural effusion	1 (1.2)	9 (45)	0.0001	64.6 (7.45–560.5)
15	Ascites	1 (1.2)	6 (30)	0.0001	33.8 (3.7–303)
16	Hepatomegaly	3 (2)	1 (5)	0.044	0.192 (0.13–0.29)
17	Postural drop in BP	24 (30)	10 (50)	0.007	4.583 (1.14–14.85)
18	RR > 30	3 (3.7)	14 (70)	0.0001	59 (13.3–264.6)
19	PR > 120	1 (1.2)	8 (40)	0.0001	48 (5.49–419)
20	SBP < 90 mmHg	3 (3.7)	7 (35)	0.0001	12.564 (2.87–54.99)

RR: respiratory rate, PR: pulse rate, BP: blood pressure, SBP: systolic blood pressure.