A Retrospective Study on Amoxicillin Susceptibility in Severe Haemophilus influenzae Pneumonia

Table 2

Demographical, microbiological, and clinical characteristics of patients affected by Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia according to amoxicillin susceptibility.

Criteria	Amoxicillin susceptible (n = 78)	Amoxicillin resistant (n = 35)	value
Demographical characteristics
Female gender, n (%)	32 (41)	14 (40)	1.000
Age, median (IQR)	62.5 (20–88)	67 (31-92)	0.545
BMI, median (IQR)	25.5 (43-16)	25 (19–42)	0.779
Medical history
Recent bronchitis, n (%)	13 (16.6)	8 (22.8)	0.443
Previous pneumonia, n (%)	10 (12.8)	5 (14.2)	1.000
Risk factors
Living in nursing home, n (%)	3 (3.8)	1 (2.8)	1.000
Smoking, n (%)	38 (48.7)	17 (48.5)	1.000
Alcohol abuse, n (%)	25 (32)	8 (22.8)	0.376
Comorbidities
Immunosuppression, n (%)	10 (12.8)	7 (20)	0.395
Diabetes, n (%)	18 (23)	7 (20)	0.809
Cirrhosis, n (%)	7 (8.9)	2 (5.7)	0.718
Renal chronic failure, n (%)	3 (3.8)	2 (5.7)	0.644
Cardiac chronic failure, n (%)	15 (19.2)	6 (17.1)	1.000
COPD, n (%)	33 (42.3)	16 (45.7)	0.837
Type of pneumonia
CAP, n (%)	65 (83.3)	28 (80)	0.790
HAP, n (%)	13 (16.6)	7 (20)	0.790
VAP, n (%)	9 (11.5)	6 (17.1)	0.549
Inhalation associated, n (%)	33 (42.3)	9 (25.7)	0.098
Coinfection, n (%)	23 (29.4)	8 (22.8)	0.504
Kind of sample
Pulmonary sample, n (%)	75 (96.2)	31 (88.6)	0.200
Blood culture, n (%)	3 (3.8)	4 (11.4)
Pleural fluid, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Cerebrospinal fluid, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Severity of pneumonia
SAPS-II, median (IQR)	48 (14–104)	49 (24–90)	0.806
Local complication, n (%)	6 (7.7)	2 (5.7)	1.000
Organ failure, n (%)	73 (93.5)	35 (100)	0.321
ARDS, n (%)	10 (12.8)	7 (20)	0.395
MV, n (%)	74 (94.8)	33 (94.3)	1.000
OTI, n (%)	65 (83.3)	31 (88.6)	0.577
VAP during hospitalization, n (%)	21 (26.9)	10 (28.5)	1.000
Acute renal failure, n (%)	36 (46.1)	19 (54.3)	0.541
Dialysis, n (%)	3 (3.8)	4 (11.4)	0.200
CVC, n (%)	63 (80.7)	30 (85.7)	0.603
Septic shock, n (%)	32 (41)	13 (37.1)	0.680
ICU death, n (%)	19 (24.3)	10 (28.5)	0.647
OTI duration, median (IQR)	7 (1–70)	11 (1–41)	0.583
MV duration, median (IQR)	8 (0–70)	10 (0–41)	0.410
ICU duration, median (IQR)	10 (1–74)	12 (2–102)	0.337
Antimicrobial therapy
Stream lining (de-escalation), n (%)	40 (51.2)	19 (54.3)	0.840
De-escalation possibility, n (%)	58 (74.3)	26 (74.3)	1.000
Outcome
Death in ICU, n (%)	19 (24.4)	10 (28.6)	0.635

ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; BMI = body mass index; CAP = community-acquired pneumonia; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVC = central venous catheter; HAP = hospital-acquired pneumonia; ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range; MV = mechanical ventilation; OTI = orotracheal intubation; SAPS-II = Simplified Acute Physiology Score-II; VAP = ventilator-associated pneumonia.