Research Article
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome: Application of Lymphocyte Subset Analysis in Predicting Clinical Outcomes
Table 3
Comparisons of clinical features, laboratory parameters, and managements between survivors and nonsurvivors.
| | Variables | Survivors (N = 38) | Nonsurvivors (N = 19) | value |
| | Age (years) | 47.6 ± 17.1 | 48.9 ± 17.3 | 0.859 | | Sex (female) | 18 (47.4%) | 11 (57.9%) | 0.454 | | Duration of nephrotic syndrome (months) | 20.2 ± 37.1 | 30.8 ± 38.2 | 0.202 | | Ever-smokers | 7 (18.4%) | 3 (15.8%) | 1.000 | | Hypertension | 20 (52.6%) | 10 (52.6%) | 1.000 | | Diabetes mellitus | 10 (26.3%) | 3 (15.8%) | 0.510 | | SLE as the underlying disease | 3 (7.9%) | 6 (31.6%) | 0.048 | | Renal pathology | 0.180 | | Membranous nephropathy | 18 (47.4%) | 8 (42.1%) | | Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis | 5 (13.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | | Minimal change nephropathy | 3 (7.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | 2 (5.3%) | 2 (10.5%) | | Others | 10 (26.3%) | 9 (47.4%) | | Use of immunosuppressants | | Duration of corticosteroid administration (months) | 8.9 ± 13.6 | 19.9 ± 24.0 | 0.079 | | Dose of corticosteroids before symptom onset | | Low doses (<20 mg/d) | 2 (5.3%) | 3 (15.8%) | 0.321 | | High doses (≥20 mg/d) | 36 (94.7%) | 16 (84.2%) | 0.321 | | Immunosuppressive agents | 33 (86.8%) | 17 (89.5%) | 1.000 | | CTX | 21/33 (63.6%) | 10/17 (58.5%) | 0.767 | | CsA | 10/33 (30.3%) | 3/17 (17.6%) | 0.499 | | Symptoms | | Fever | 35 (92.1%) | 18 (94.7%) | 1.000 | | Cough | 33 (86.8%) | 18 (94.7%) | 0.652 | | Dyspnea | 32 (84.2%) | 19 (100%) | 0.164 | | Initial vital signs | | Body temperature ( C) | 37.09 ± 0.87 | 37.87 ± 0.82 | 0.002 | | Heart rate (beats per min) | 94.7 ± 17.0 | 99.3 ± 20.7 | 0.436 | | Respiratory rate (breaths per min) | 24.8 ± 8.1 | 27.1 ± 7.8 | 0.189 | | Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 90.5 ± 11.1 | 86.2 ± 16.4 | 0.088 | | SpO2 (%) | 93.5 ± 4.9 | 89.8 ± 7.0 | 0.048 | | Laboratory findings | | pH | 7.44 ± 0.06 | 7.44 ± 0.06 | 0.961 | | PaO2 (mmHg) | 63.6 ± 21.2 | 54.4 ± 9.7 | 0.187 | | PaCO2 (mmHg) | 35.3 ± 5.6 | 33.8 ± 5.4 | 0.259 | | pO2 (A-a) (mmHg) | 45.4 ± 20.1 | 58.0 ± 8.7 | 0.096 | | Blood leukocyte count (109/L) | 10.00 ± 4.55 | 9.48 ± 5.49 | 0.636 | | Blood neutrophil count (109/L) | 8.85 ± 4.23 | 8.74 ± 5.32 | 0.846 | | Blood lymphocyte count (109/L) | 1.12 ± 1.91 | 0.52 ± 0.38 | 0.095 | | B Lymphocyte count (μl) | 108.0 ± 130.0 | 38.4 ± 51.4 | 0.025 | | T Lymphocyte count (μl) | 644.7 ± 781.7 | 215.8 ± 123.0 | <0.001 | | CD4+ T lymphocyte count (μl) | 305.4 ± 437.8 | 65.2 ± 57.6 | <0.001 | | CD8+ T lymphocyte count (μl) | 302.0 ± 341.6 | 139.8 ± 79.6 | 0.074 | | CD4/CD8 ratio | 1.04 ± 0.66 | 0.48 ± 0.27 | <0.001 | | Albumin (g/L) | 23.6 ± 5.0 | 22.1 ± 4.2 | 0.109 | | Urea (mmol/L) | 10.18 ± 6.36 | 14.28 ± 8.79 | 0.045 | | Creatinine (μmol/L) | 142.7 ± 129.9 | 167.7 ± 121.4 | 0.108 | | eGFR (mL/min·1.73 m2) | 82.5 ± 67.1 | 54.9 ± 36.2 | 0.098 | | Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 75.19 ± 78.98 | 122.80 ± 119.6 | 0.156 | | Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 559.0 ± 194.3 | 807.5 ± 416.4 | 0.091 | | 1,3-β-d-Glucan assay (pg/ml) | 1383 ± 1043 | 1045 ± 911 | 0.224 | | Positive blood CMV-DNA by PCR | 17/38 (44.7%) | 11/18 (61.1%) | 0.391 | | Positive blood EBV-DNA by PCR | 9/37 (24.3%) | 3/17 (17.6%) | 0.732 | | PCT ≥ 0.5 ng/ml | 14 (36.8%) | 12 (63.2%) | 0.091 | | Managements | | ICU admission | 19 (50.0%) | 18 (94.7%) | 0.001 | | Mechanical ventilation | 12 (31.6%) | 18 (94.7%) | <0.001 | | IMV | 10 (26.3%) | 15 (78.9%) | | | NIMV | 2 (5.3%) | 3 (15.8%) | | | CRRT | 4 (10.5%) | 5 (26.3%) | 0.143 |
|
|
SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus, CTX: cyclophosphamide, CsA: cyclosporin A, SpO2: oxygen saturation, CMV: cytomegalovirus, EBV: Epstein-Barr virus, PCT: procalcitonin, IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation, and NIMV: noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Data were presented as mean ± SD or numbers (%).
|
