Coinfection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Lower Genital Tract Pathogens in the Development of High-Grade Cervical Lesions

Table 1

Correlation between lower genital tract pathogens and cervical lesions.

Variable	≤LSIL (n = 543)	≥HSIL (n = 339)	value	ORadjust (95% CI)	valueadjust
Age	43.13 ± 10.321	45.79 ± 8.791	0.001^a	—	—
Age
≥50	92 (16.9)	98 (28.9)	0.001^b	0.600	0.173
<50	451 (83.1)	241 (71.1)		(0.288–1.251)
Menopause
Yes	121 (22.3)	146 (43.1)	0.001^b	3.503	0.001
No	422 (77.7)	193 (56.9)		(1.797–6.826)
HPV
Positive	162 (29.8)	318 (93.8)	0.018^b	4.786	0.006
Negative	381 (70.2)	21 (6.2)		(1.558–14.709)
HR-HPV
Positive	148 (27.3)	312 (92.0)	0.001^b	5.755	0.001
Negative	395 (72.7)	27 (8.0)		(2.033–16.294)
LR-HPV
Positive	14 (2.6)	6 (1.8)	0.433^b	—	—
Negative	529 (97.4)	333 (98.2)
Pathogenic bacteria
Positive	93 ( 17.1)	137 (40.4)	0.001^b	2.277	<0.001
Negative	450 (82.9)	202 (59.6)		(1.510–3.434)
U. urealyticum
Positive	60 (11.0)	101 (29.8)	0.001^b	2.302	<0.001
Negative	483 (89.0)	238 (70.2)		(1.463–3.621)
M. hominis
Positive	32 (5.9)	29 (8.6)	0.130^b	—	—
Negative	511 (94.1)	310 (91.4)
C. trachomatis
Positive	26 (4.8)	68 (20.1)	0.001^b	3.066	<0.001
Negative	517 (95.2)	271 (79.9)		(1.672–5.623)

^a value for Student’s t-test; ^b value for χ² test; —: not applicable; adjust: after adjustment for age, menopausal status, and other pathogens. ≤LSIL: normal or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; ≥HSIL: high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or cervical squamous cell carcinoma; HR-HPV: high-risk human papillomavirus; LR-HPV: low-risk human papillomavirus.