The Relationship between Pre-Pandemic Interferon Gamma Release Assay Test Results and COVID-19 Infection: Potential Prognostic Value of Indeterminate IFN-γ Release Assay Results
Table 4
Comparison of groups with and without COVID-19.
Parameters
COVID-19 (+) (n = 46)
COVID-19 (−) (n = 319)
Sex, n (%)
Male
27 (58.7)
148 (46.4)
0.118
Female
19 (41.3)
171 (53.60)
Age (year), n (%)
<30
9 (19.6)
88 (27.6)
0.284
31–50
25 (54.3)
135 (42.3)
>50
12 (26.1)
96 (30.1)
Body mass index (kg/m2), n (%)
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2)
4 (8.7)
45 (14.1)
0.489
Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2)
21 (45.7)
111 (34.8)
Overweight (24.5–29.9 kg/m2)
12 (26.1)
92 (28.8)
Obese (>30 kg/m2)
9 (19.5)
71 (22.3)
Smoking
Never smoker, n (%)
25 (54.4)
180 (56.4)
0.598
Former smoker, n (%)
10 (21.8)
51 (16.0)
Current smoker, n (%)
11 (23.8)
88 (27.6)
Smoking amount (pack-year), n (%)
0
25 (54.4)
180 (56.4)
0.868
1–10
7 (15.2)
53 (16.6)
11–20
7 (15.2)
51 (16.0)
>20
7 (15.2)
35 (11.0)
TB history, n (%)
Yes
4 (8.7)
8 (2.5)
0.051
No
42 (91.3)
311 (97.5)
TB subgroup, n (%)
Lung TB
2 (50.0)
3 (37.5)
0.894
Extrapulmonary TB
1 (25.0)
3 (37.5)
Unknown
1 (25.0)
2 (25.0)
Chronic disease n (%)
HT
7 (15.2)
33 (10.3)
0.323
DM
4 (8.7)
28 (8.8)
0.985
Rheumatologic disease
23 (50.0)
151 (47.3)
0.735
Coronary artery disease
4 (8.7)
19 (6.0)
0.512
Obstructive lung diseases
2 (4.3)
52 (16.3)
0.033
MS
4 (8.7)
13 (4.1)
0.249
Malignancy
3 (6.5)
12 (3.8)
0.417
Hypothyroidism
3 (6.5)
13 (4.1)
0.437
Cardiac arrhythmia
0 (0.0)
7 (2.2)
0.603
IBH
3 (6.5)
32 (10.0)
0.597
CRF
2 (4.3)
9 (2.8)
0.636
Drugs used, n (%)
Biological treatments
20 (43.6)
149 (46.7)
0.681
Corticosteroid
18 (39.1)
112 (35.1)
0.594
COVID-19 vaccine status, n (%)
Done
4 (8.7)
46 (14.4)
0.291
Not done
42 (91.3)
273 (85.6)
CRF: chronic renal failure; DM: diabetes mellitus; HT: hypertension; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; MS: multiple sclerosis; TBF: STANDARD ETB-Feron ELISA (TBF) test. value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Values below 0.05 are in bold and indicate statistically significant differences between two categories.
