The Intestinal Dysbiosis of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Its Impact on the Gut Microbiota of Their Newborns

Table 1

Comparison of changes in the gut microbiota between GDM women and non-GDM women.

Surveyed country	No.		GW (weeks)		Features of gut microbial community		Reference
	G+	G−	G+	G−	Increase	Decrease
China	11	11	31.2 ± 0.5	32.7 ± 0.3	Verrucomicrobia (P); Akkermansia (G)	Faecalibacterium (G)	[20]
China	43	81	26.2 ± 1.2	25.9 ± 1.9	Parabacteroides (G); Megamonas (G); Phascolarctobacterium (G); Streptococcus agalactiae (S); Lachnospiraceae bacterium (S)	Ruminiclostridium (G); Roseburia (G); Fusobacterium (G); Haemophilus (G); Clostridium (G); Bifidobacterium (S); Eubacterium siraeum (S); Alistipes shahii (S)	[21]
Denmark	50	157	28.7 ± 1.4	28.4 ± 1.1	Actinobacteria (P); Collinsella (G); Desulfovibrio (G); Blautia (G); Ruminococcus (G)	Bacteroides (G); Faecalibacterium (G); Ruminococcus (G); Isobaculum (G)	[16]
Brazil	26	42	32.45 ± 7.04	28.23 ± 5.68	Firmicutes (P); Ruminococcus (G); Collinsella (G); Lachnospiraceae (G); Dorea (G)	Bacteroides (P); Eubacterium rectale (G)	[19]
China	74	73			Fusobacterium (G); Prevotella (G)	Faecalibacterium (G)	[5]
China	23	26	38.6–39.7	39.0–40.6	Bacteroides dorei (S)	Alistipes putredinis (S); Lactobacillus casei (S)	[25]
China	30	31	38.3 ± 0.7	38.5 ± 0.8	Haemophilus (G)	Alistipes (G); Rikenellaceae (G)	[22]
China	36	16	25.6 ± 1.0	25.9 ± 1.1	Blautia (G)	Faecalibacterium (G); Phascolarctobacterium Roseburia (G)	[2]
China	45	45	25.55 ± 1.17	25.68 ± 1.26	Blautia (G); Faecalibacterium (G)	Bacteroides (P); Akkermansia (G); Odoribacter (G); Butyricimonas (G)	[26]
China	31	103	24.5 ± 0.5	24.5 ± 0.5	Holdemania (G); Megasphaera (G); Eggerthella (G)	Streptococcus (G)	[24]

No., number; G+, GDM; G−, non-GDM; GW, gestational weeks; P, phylum; G, genus; S, species. The increased/decreased microbiota in GDM women when compared with non-GDM.