Synergistic Antibiofilm Efficacy of Thymol and Piperine in Combination with Three Aminoglycoside Antibiotics against Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms

Table 1

Susceptibility of K. pneumoniae planktonic cells against thymol, piperine, and antibiotics.

Isolates	Natural products (μg/mL)				Antibiotics (μg/mL)
	Thymol		Piperine		Amikacin		Kanamycin		Streptomycin
	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC
Kp02	128	256	1024	1024	1	4	2	8	1	16
Kp03	64	512	512	>1024	1	4	0.25	8	0.5	16
Kp04	128	256	1024	>1024	16	32	8	16	8	64
Kp05	256	512	512	1024	2	8	16	16	2	16
Kp055	128	512	1024	>1024	0.5	4	2	2	2	8

MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration.