Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology

Research Article

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Yifag Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia

Table 4

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of potential risk factors associated with IPIs among pregnant women in Yifag Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia, November 2019 to March 2020.


Risk factors	Categories	Total	Negative no. (%)	Positive no. (%)	Univariate logistic regression		Multivariate logistic regression
Risk factors	Categories	Total	Negative no. (%)	Positive no. (%)	COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	-value

E. histolytica/dispar
Type of toilet	Private	31	25 (80.6)	6 (19.4)	1	0.149	1	0.149
	Open field	209	192 (91.9)	17 (8.1)	0.369 (0.133, 1.023)		0.369 (0.133, 1.023)
	Public	37	34 (91.9)	3 (8.1)	0.368 (0.084, 1.613)		0.368 (0.084, 1.613)
G. lamblia
Fingernail status	Trimmed	162	146 (90.1)	16 (9.9)	1	0.104	—	0.111
Fingernail status	Untrimmed	115	96 (83.5)	19 (16.5)	1.806 (0.885, 3.685)	0.104	1.831 (0.870, 3.853)	0.111
Eating raw vegetables	No	150	136 (90.7)	14 (9.3)	1	0.076	1	0.010
Eating raw vegetables	Yes	127	106 (83.5)	21 (16.5)	1.925 (0.935, 3.963)	0.076	2.721 (1.266, 5.849)	0.010
Personal hygiene	Good	92	87 (94.6)	5 (5.4)	1	0.015	1	0.007
Personal hygiene	Poor	185	155 (83.8)	30 (16.2)	3.368 (1.261, 8.996)	0.015	4.015 (1.456, 11.07)	0.007
A. lumbricoides
Hand wash after toilet	No	163	159 (97.5)	4 (2.5)	0.385 (0.110, 1.346)	0.135	0.827 (0.186, 3.676)	0.803
Hand wash after toilet	Yes	114	107 (93.9)	7 (6.1)	1	0.135	1	0.803
Waste disposal	Burial/burning	25	22 (88.0)	3 (12.0)	1	0.046	1	0.372
Waste disposal	Open field	252	244 (96.8)	8 (3.2)	0.240 (0.059, 0.972)	0.046	0.487 (0.100, 2.362)	0.372
Fingernail status	Trimmed	162	158 (97.5)	4 (2.5)	1	0.141	1	0.140
Fingernail status	Untrimmed	115	108 (93.9)	7 (6.1)	2.560 (0.732, 8.959)	0.141	2.618 (0.729, 9.409)	0.140
Knowledge about IPIs	No	223	218 (97.8)	5 (2.2)	0.183 (0.054, 0.626)	0.007	0.240 (0.057, 1.005)	0.051
Knowledge about IPIs	Yes	54	48 (88.9)	6 (11.1)	1	0.007	1	0.051
Hookworm
Age group	18–30	224	206 (92)	18 (8)	1	0.242	1	0.383
Age group	31–45	53	46 (86.8)	7 (13.2)	1.742 (0.687, 4.413)	0.242	1.520 (0.593, 3.896)	0.383
Eating raw meat	No	166	154 (92.8)	12 (7.2)	1	0.206	1	0.204
Eating raw meat	Yes	111	98 (88.3)	13 (11.7)	1.702 (0.746, 3.883)	0.206	1.713 (0.746, 3.932)	0.204
Knowledge about IPIs	No	223	200 (89.7)	23 (10.3)	2.990 (0.683, 13.092)	0.146	2.871 (0.648, 12.727)	0.165
Knowledge about IPIs	Yes	54	52 (96.3)	2 (3.7)	1	0.146	1	0.165
S. mansoni
Occupation	Agriculture	204	200 (98.0)	4 (2.0)	0.400 (0.071, 2.259)	0.083	—	0.518
	Housewives	22	19 (86.4)	3 (13.6)	3.158 (0.486, 20.503)		—
	Merchant	42	40 (95.2)	2 (4.8)	—		—
	Government	9	9 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	1		1
Hand wash after toilet	No	163	160 (98.2)	3 (1.8)	0.338 (0.083, 1.379)	0.130	0.919 (0.132, 6.389)	0.932
Hand wash after toilet	Yes	114	108 (94.7)	6 (5.3)	1	0.130	1	0.932
Shoe wearing	No	127	125 (98.4)	2 (1.6)	0.327 (0.067, 1.602)	0.168	0.709 (0.104, 4.841)	0.725
Shoe wearing	Yes	150	143 (95.3)	7 (4.7)	1	0.168	1	0.725
Toilet	Absent	206	201 (97.6)	5 (2.4)	0.417 (0.109, 1.597)	0.202	—	0.999
Toilet	Present	71	67 (94.4)	4 (5.6)	1	0.202	1	0.999
Type of toilet	Private	31	30 (96.8)	1 (3.2)	1	0.233	—	0.745
	Open	209	204 (97.6)	5 (2.4)	0.735 (0.083, 6.511)		—
	Public	37	34 (91.9)	3 (8.1)	2.647 (0.261, 26.823)		2.614 (0.225, 30.400)
Fingernail status	Trimmed	162	155 (95.7)	7 (4.3)	1	0.248	1	0.468
Fingernail status	Untrimmed	115	113 (98.3)	2 (1.7)	0.392 (0.080, 1.922)	0.248	0.537 (0.100, 2.879)	0.468
Personal hygiene	Good	92	86 (93.5)	6 (6.5)	1	0.045	1	0.231
Personal hygiene	Poor	185	182 (98.4)	3 (1.6)	0.24 (0.058, 0.967)	0.045	0.341 (0.059, 1.98)	0.231
Taenia species
Residence	Around Yifag	43	32 (74.4)	11 (25.6)	3.285 (1.245, 8.664)	0.033	2.051 (0.485, 8.668)	0.510
	Bura	92	70 (76.1)	22 (23.9)	3.003 (1.300, 6.937)		1.616 (0.410, 6.366)
	Ginaza	19	18 (94.7)	1 (5.3)	0.531 (0.063, 4.456)		0.332 (0.030, 3.710)
	Shina	28	21 (75.0)	7 (25.0)	3.185 (1.064, 9.539)		1.691 (0.344, 8.309)
	Yifag	95	86 (90.5)	9 (9.5)	1		1
Religion	Muslim	17	16 (94.1)	1 (5.9)	1	0.208	1	0.718
Religion	Orthodox	260	211(81.2)	49 (18.8)	3.716 (0.481, 28.692)	0.208	0.616 (0.044, 8.542)	0.718
Occupation	Agriculture	204	161 (78.9)	43 (21.1)	0.534 (0.128, 2.224	0.057	0.108 (0.013, 0.904)	0.063
	Housewives	9	6 (66.7)	3 (33.3)	0.200 (0.027, 1.490)		0.117 (0.013, 1.045)
	Merchant	22	20 (90.9)	2 (9.1)	0.100 (0.014, 0.727)		0.054 (0.006, 0.489)
	Government	42	40 (95.2)	2 (4.8)	1		1
Hand wash after toilet	No	163	127 (77.9)	36 (22.1)	2.025 (1.035, 3.959)	0.039	1.442 (0.613, 3.395)	0.402
Hand wash after toilet	Yes	114	100 (87.7)	14 (12.3)	1	0.039	1	0.402
Shoes wearing	No	127	96 (75.6)	31 (24.4)	2.226 (1.187, 4.176)	0.013	1.595 (0.741, 3.435)	0.233
Shoes wearing	Yes	150	131 (87.3)	19 (12.7)	1	0.013	1	0.233
Toilet	Absent	206	163 (79.1)	43 (20.9)	2.412 (1.031, 5.640)	0.042	0.513 (0.040, 6.549)	0.608
Toilet	Present	71	64 (90.1)	7 (9.9)	1	0.042	1	0.608
Type of toilet	Private	31	29 (93.5)	2 (6.5)	1	0.085	1	0.613
	Open field	209	165 (78.9)	44 (21.1)	3.867 (0.888, 16.834)		4.795 (0.212, 108.62)
	Public	37	33 (89.2)	4 (10.8)	1.758 (0.300, 10.310)		1.675 (0.223, 12.550)
Eating raw meat	No	166	144 (86.7)	22 (13.3)	1	0.012	1	0.009
Eating raw meat	Yes	111	83 (74.8)	28 (25.2)	2.208 (1.187, 4.106)	0.012	2.477 (1.252, 4.902)	0.009
Eating raw vegetables	No	150	119 (79.3)	31 (20.7)	1	0.220	1	0.355
Eating raw vegetables	Yes	127	108 (85)	19 (15)	0.675 (0.361, 1.265)	0.220	0.708 (0.341, 1.471)	0.355
Personal hygiene	Good	92	81 (88)	11 (12)	1	0.066	1	0.595
Personal hygiene	Poor	185	146 (78.9)	39 (21.1)	1.967 (0.955, 4.050)	0.066	1.295 (0.499, 3.358)	0.595

= statically significant at .