Risk Factors for Stillbirth among Pregnant Women Infected with Syphilis in the Zhejiang Province of China, 2010–2016
Table 1
Comparison of maternal sociodemographic characteristics and syphilis condition between women who had stillbirths and women who had live births.
Variables
Category
Stillbirth (n = 152)
Without stillbirth (n = 8,572)
n
%
N
%
Maternal age (years)
<20
17
11.18
294
3.43
36.94
<0.001
20–24
46
30.26
1959
22.85
25–29
45
29.61
3047
35.55
30–34
19
12.50
1925
22.46
≥35
25
16.45
1347
15.71
Employment
Farmer
49
32.24
2891
33.73
1.28
0.735
Business
12
7.89
598
6.98
Unemployed
63
41.45
3753
43.78
Unknown
28
18.42
1330
15.52
Education
Primary
29
19.08
1288
15.03
5.65
0.130
Middle
116
76.32
6461
75.37
College
6
3.95
745
8.69
Unclear
1
0.66
78
0.91
Married
117
76.97
7845
91.52
39.64
<0.001
Unmarried
35
23.03
727
8.48
Gravidity
1
43
28.29
1594
18.60
9.21
0.002
≥2
109
71.71
6978
81.40
Parity
0
70
46.05
3827
44.65
0.12
0.729
≥1
82
53.95
4745
55.35
Minority
10
6.58
541
6.31
0.02
0.893
Previous syphilis
25
16.45
3264
38.08
29.75
<0.001
Previous fetal loss
11
7.24
822
9.59
0.96
0.328
Syphilis stage
Latent
118
77.63
7068
82.45
21.57
<0.001
Primary
16
10.53
326
3.80
Secondary
3
1.97
67
0.78
Tertiary
0
0
17
0.20
Unclear
15
9.87
1094
12.76
Titer for TRUST/RPR >1 : 4 before delivery
59
38.82
1820
21.23
27.33
<0.001
Treated
76
50.00
7296
85.11
140.62
<0.001
Adequately treated
26
17.11
5310
61.95
126.423
<0.001
First antenatal care visit
≤12
42
27.63
4087
47.68
69.92
<0.001
13–27
47
30.92
3082
35.95
≥28
51
33.55
1111
12.96
Unclear
12
7.89
292
3.41
Note. Missing information was not included. Minority: in China, the minority refers to ethnic groups other than the Han ethnic group. The bold values indicate statistical significance.
