Enzymatic Activity and Horizontal Gene Transfer of Heavy Metals and Antibiotic Resistant Proteus vulgaris from Hospital Wastewater: An Insight

Table 8

Transfer of antibiotic resistance in resistant P. vulgaris isolates from hospital effluent.

Donor strains	Pattern of donor strains	Recipient strains	Pattern of recipient strains	Frequency of transfer in nutrient broth	Frequency of transfer in wastewater	Pattern of transconjugants	Markers transferred
PR 7	M, NA, AMX	PR8	M, K, N, PB	2.0 × 10^−2	2.1 × 10^−1	M, NA, AMX, AMP, P	AMX, AMP
PR 8	M, NA, AMX, AMP, P	PR9	M, P, K, NR, PB	2.8 × 10^−1	4.4 × 10^−1	M, NA, AMX, AMP, P	AMX, AMP
PR 27	M, NA, AMX, AMP, P	PR46	M, P, PB	1.0 × 10^−2	0.0	M, NA, AMX, AMP, P, PB	AMX, AMP
PR 30	M, AMX, AMP, P, K, OF, GENT, N, CHL, PB, E, CIP TET	PR4	M, P, AMP	3.0 × 10^−1	0.0	M, AMX, AMP, P, PB, E	AMX, ERY
PR 38	M, AMX, AMP, K, P, GENT, N, TET, CHL, PB, E, CIP	PR17	K, AMP, P	3.1 × 10^−1	0.0	M, NA, AMX, AMP, P, E	AMX
PR 43	M, NA, AMX, AMP, P, N	PR38	M	5.0 × 10^−2	5.0 × 10^−2	M, NA, AMX, K, AMP, P, OF, GENT, TET, CIP, E	AMX, AMP, TET
PR 47	M, AMX, AMP, K, P, GENT, N, TET, CHL	PR25	M, NA, AMX, AMP, P, NR, CHL, PB, E	1.0 × 10^2	2.9 × 10^−1	M, AMX, AMP, K, P, N, TET, NR, CHL	TET

AMX = amoxicillin, OF = ofloxacin, E = erythromycin, GENT = gentamycin, M = methicillin, NA = nalidixic acid, N = neomycin, P = penicillin, NR = nitrofurazone, CHL = chloramphenicol, TET = tetracycline, CIP = ciprofloxacin, K = kanamycin, PB = polymixin B, AMP = ampicillin.