Global Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids among Healthcare Workers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Overall characteristics of articles included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, 2021.

Author	Survey year	Pub. year	N	12 months	Lifetime	Participant	Setting	Study design	Country	Socioeco status	Risk of bias
Kasatpibal et al. [40]	2011-2012	2016	2031	40.0	NA	Nurses	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Thailand	Developing	Low
Mbaisi et al. [41]	2010	2013	305	25.0	NA	Doctors, nurses, clinical officers, laboratory personnel, dentists, supportive staff, and students	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Kenya	Developing	Low
Yenesew and Fekadu [19]	2012	2014	317	65.9	76.0	Nurses, health officers, health assistants, medical doctors, laboratory technicians, and dentists	Healthcare facilities	Cross-sectional	Ethiopia	Developing	Low
Markovic-Denic et al. [25]	2012	2015	983	26.9	56.5	Healthcare workers	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Serbia	Transition	Moderate
Mbah et al. [20]	2013	2020	444	25.5	NA	Doctors and nurses	Health center and hospital	Cross-sectional	South Africa	Developing	Low
Engin et al. [42]	2010	2014	300		58.3	Nurses, physicians, cleaning staff, student nurses, and laboratory technicians	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Turkey	Developing	Moderate
Mandić et al. [24]	2013	2018	5247	39.0	66.0	Physician, nurses, laboratory technicians, and support staff such as cleaners and workers in laundry and sterilization	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Serbia	Transition	Low
Sabbah et al. [43]	2011/12	2013	277	30.0	NA	Physician and nurses	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Lebanon	Developing	Low
Abere et al. [17]	2018	2020	277	65.3	87.0	Nurse, medical doctor, laboratory technology, health officer, midwife, pharmacy	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Ethiopia	Developing	Low
Musa et al. [44]	2013	2014	196	35.7	63.3	Physicians and nurses/technicians	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Transition	Low
Marković-Denić et al. [23]	2011	2013	216	25.9	60.6	Nurses and doctors	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Serbia	Transition	Moderate
Yasin et al. [2]	2017	2019	282	39.0	58.5	Nurse, laboratory, medical doctor, midwife, and others	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Ethiopia	Developing	Low
Shaghaghian et al. [27]	2011	2015	191		80.0	Dental students	Dental school department	Cross-sectional	Iran	Developing	Low
Yi et al. [29]	2015	2018	548		65.9	Nurses	Hospital	Cross-sectional	China	Developing	Low
Rasweswe and Peu [22]	2014	2020	94		43.0	Nurses	Hospital	Cross-sectional	South Africa	Developing	Moderate
Nmadu et al. [38]	2011	2016	172		68.0	Nurses, midwives, CHOs, CHEWs, laboratory technicians, pharmacy technicians, and ward attendants	Primary healthcare centers	Cross-sectional	Nigeria	Developing	Low
Shitu et al. [18]	2020	2021	424	46.7	NA	Midwives	Hospitals and health centers	Cross-sectional	Ethiopia	Developing	Low
Yang et al. [30]	2019	2021	33,156	24.5	NA	Doctors, nurses, anesthetists, midwives, laboratory personnel, and others	Hospital	Cross-sectional	China	Developing	Moderate
Ditorguena et al. [45]	2018	2019	136		67.6	Doctors, surgeons, nurses, midwives, laboratory technicians, and nursing assistants	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Togo	Developing	Moderate
Fazili et al. [34]	2014	2017	2763		25.0	Doctors, nursing staff, lab staff, sanitation staff, administration, laundry, and linen	Tertiary care institute	Cross-sectional	India	Developing	Moderate
Farsi et al. [28]	2010	2012	200		57.5	Physicians, residents, medical interns, nurses, laboratory personnel, housekeepers, cleaners, and others	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Iran	Developing	Low
Selladurai and Shireen [35]	2014	2019	240	54.5	NA	Nurses, laboratory, technicians, interns, and resident doctors	Hospital	Cross-sectional	India	Developing	Moderate
Nwoga et al. [39]	2018	2020	200	27.0	NA	Nurse, laboratory scientist/technician, and others		Cross-sectional	Nigeria	Developing	Low
Ebrahimi et al. [26]	2010	2015	193	25.4	36.3	Laboratory personnel	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Iran	Developing	Moderate
Laisser and Ng’home [32]	2015	2017	277	20.9	NA	Doctors, clinical officers, nurses, laboratory personnel, mortuary attendants, and housekeeping staff	Health facilities	Cross-sectional	Tanzania	Developing	Low
Chalya et al. [33]	2013-14	2015	436	17.0		Doctors, nurses, laboratory staff, and auxiliary health workers	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Tanzania	Developing	Low
Butsashvili et al. [46]	2006-07	2012	1386		46.0	Physician and nurse	Hospitals	Cross-sectional	Georgia	Transition	Low
Cvejanov-Kezunović et al. [47]	2011	2014	1043	49.6	NA	Physicians, nurses, lab personnel, and other non-HCW (cleaning, delivery, and maintenance)	Hospital	Cross-sectional	Croatia	Developed	Low
Zaidi et al. [36]	2008	2012	230	7.39	NA	Nurses, physician, lab staff, and other healthcare providers	Hospital	Cross-sectional	United Arab Emirates	Developing	Low
Sreedharan et al. [37]	2009	2010	101	NA	25.7	Nurses	Hospital	Cross-sectional	United Arab Emirates	Developing	Moderate
Karani et al. [21]	2008	2011	64	55	NA	Medical interns	Hospital	Cross-sectional	South Africa		Moderate
Kessler et al. [48]	2007	2011	455	NA	22.6	Medical residents, emergency residents, nursing, and dental professional	Not specified	Cross-sectional	USA	Developed	Low
Zhang et al. [31]	2003/4	2009	1144	66.34	NA	Physician, nurse, and laboratory technician	Hospital	Cross-sectional	China	Developing	Low