Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Rate among Old-Age Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection Attending Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral and Karamara General Hospitals, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
Table 4
Bivariate and multivariable analyses for factors associated with S. pneumoniae colonization among old-aged patients attending Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral and Karamara General Hospitals Jigjiga, Ethiopia, 2020 (N = 188).
Variables
Category
S. pneumonia
Bivariate analysis
Multivariable analysis
Positive n (%)
Negative n (%)
COR(95% CI)
value
AOR(95% CI)
value
Educational status
Illiterate
14 (12.6%)
97 (87.4%)
0.7 (0.2–2.2)
0.49
0.7 (0.2–2.6)
0.61
Primary
8 (14.6%)
47 (85.5%)
0.8 (0.2–2.9)
0.69
0.9 (0.2–3.5)
0.83
Secondary and above
4 (18.2%)
18 (81.8%)
1
1
BMI
Under weight
10 (30.3%)
23 (69.7%)
3.04 (1.1–8.2)
0.03
2.9 (0.9–8.9)
0.05
Over weight
7 (17.1%)
34 (82.9%)
1.5 (0.5–4.4)
0.4
2.0 (0.6–6.3)
0.23
Normal
9 (7.9%)
105 (92.1%)
1
1
Smoking
Yes
13 (25.5%)
38 (74.5%)
3.26 (1.3–7.6)
0.01
3.4 (1.3–8.5)
0.01
No
13 (9.5%)
124 (90.5%)
1
1
Contact with pets
Yes
12 (19.4%)
50 (80.6%)
1.9 (0.8–4.45)
0.12
1.6 (0.5–5.3)
0.43
No
14 (11.1%)
112 (88.9%)
1
1
Upper airway problem
Yes
23 (19%)
98 (81%)
5.0 (1.4–17.0)
0.01
4.3 (1.2–15)
0.02
No
3 (4.5%)
64 (95.5%)
1
1
Asthma
Yes
8 (27.6%)
21 (72.4%)
2.9 (1.1–7.7)
0.02
3.1 (1.1–8.8)
0.02
No
18 (11.3%)
141 (88.7%)
1
1
Tonsillectomy
Yes
2 (6.7%)
28 (93.3%)
0.39 (0.08–1.7)
0.23
0.68 (0.13–3.7)
0.65
No
24 (15.2%)
134 (84.8%)
1
1
Abbreviations: n, number; COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.Variables that showed significant association with S. pneumoniae colonization (p value < 0.05).
