Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Components and COVID-19 Disease Severity in Hospitalized Patients: A Pilot Study

Table 1

Patients’ characteristics of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients.

	Moderate COVID-19 (n = 60)	Severe COVID-19 (n = 30)	-value
	N (%)	N (%)
Demographic variables
Age (mean ± SD)	50.82 ± 10.51	50.47 ± 9.87	0.901
Sex (male), n (%)	36 (60)	24 (80)	0.097
BMI (kg/m^2) (mean ± SD)	29.16 ± 4.2	29.69 ± 5.18	0.854
Metabolic syndrome	35 (58.33)	25 (83.33)	0.018
Abdominal obesity	33 (55)	17 (56.66)	0.881
Hypertension	26 (43.33)	13 (43.33)	1.000
Elevated TG	30 (50)	22 (73.33)	0.035
Low-HDL-C	48 (80)	21 (70)	0.225
Hyperglycemia	29 (48.33)	23 (76.66)	0.010
T2DM	16 (26.66)	15 (50)	0.002
CAD	2 (3.33)	3 (10)	0.204
Measurements	mean ± SD	mean ± SD
WC (cm)	98.47 ± 12.01	101.37 ± 10.79	0.348
SBP (mmHg)	121.58 ± 18.5	122.1 ± 10.58	0.429
DBP (mmHg)	73.08 ± 13.09	74.8 ± 7.82	0.134
FBG (mg/dl)	114.03 ± 48.36	145.72 ± 64.07	0.004
HbA1c (%)	6.37 ± 0.99	7.55 ± 2.21	0.007
T. Cholesterol (mg/dl)	161.52 ± 39.55	165.72 ± 37.13	0.534
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	171.55 ± 93.75	217.11 ± 90.9	0.007
LDL-C (mg/dl)	92.57 ± 29.31	101.44 ± 30.68	0.249
HDL-C (mg/dl)	33.84 ± 9.32	35.8 ± 9.7	0.263
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.88 ± 0.3	0.93 ± 0.29	0.399
CRP (mg/L)	67.91 ± 83.57	82.72 ± 67.18	0.142
Lymphocytes (x10^9/L)	1.79 ± 3.89	1.02 ± 0.39	0.016
Ferritin (ng/ml)	570.31 ± 508.79	577.16 ± 503.35	0.906
D-dimer (μg/ml)	1.38 ± 1.96	1.02 ± 0.93	0.546
LDH (mg/dl)	346.35 ± 122.39	413.47 ± 190.92	0.191
Procalcitonin (ng/ml)	0.11 ± 0.13	0.15 ± 0.11	0.033
Fibrinogen (g/L)	590.42 ± 129.5	581.47 ± 137.36	0.590

Statistical significance at . BMI: body mass index, MetS: metabolic syndrome, WC: waist circumference, FBG: fasting blood glucose, SBP: systolic blood pressure, and HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.