Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Components and COVID-19 Disease Severity in Hospitalized Patients: A Pilot Study

Table 2

Clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 disease according to the presence of metabolic syndrome.

	MetS	Non-MetS	-value
	n = 60	n = 30
	mean ± SD	mean ± SD
Age (years)	51.72 ± 10.09	48.67 ± 10.41	0.229
Sex (male), n(%)	45 (75)	15 (50)	0.018
BMI (kg/m^2)	30.8 ± 4.37	26.41 ± 3.29	<0.001
WC (cm)	103.93 ± 10.36	90.43 ± 8.47	<0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	124.12 ± 17.77	117.03 ± 11.48	0.038
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	76.25 ± 12.29	68.47 ± 7.91	0.002
FBG (mg/dl)	138.23 ± 61.6	98.13 ± 27.95	<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	210.54 ± 96.7	139.12 ± 70.95	<0.001
HDL-C (mg/dl)	31.55 ± 8.59	40.3 ± 8.39	<0.001
Lymphocytes (x10^9/L)	1.61 ± 3.90	1.37 ± 0.67	0.049
Procalcitonin (ng/ml)	0.14 ± 0.14	0.09 ± 0.07	0.050
Ferritin (ng/ml)	588.11 ± 478.38	536.27 ± 568.4	0.209
D-dimer (μg/ml)	1.25 ± 1.78	1.26 ± 1.52	0.575
LDH (mg/dl)	381.28 ± 149.68	343.3 ± 156.37	0.186
Fibrinogen (g/L)	596.65 ± 129.25	569 ± 136.12	0.350
CRP (mg/L)	83.86 ± 72.42	50.23 ± 86.34	0.002
Severe COVID-19 cases, n(%)	25 (41.6)	5 (16.6)	0.018
ICU, n(%)	5 (8.3)	0	0.104
MV, n(%)	3 (5)	0	0.213
Mortality, n(%)	2 (3.3)	0	0.312
Length of hospitalization (days)	9.02 ± 4.55	8.34 ± 3.97	0.492
Chest CTSS	13.88 ± 5.9	8.10 ± 3.05	<0.001
Lung involvement, n(%)
Mild involvement	10 (6)	12 (36.6)	<0.001
Moderate involvement	16 (26.6)	15 (50)
Severe involvement	34 (56.6)	4 (13.3)

Statistical significance at . BMI: body mass index, BP: blood pressure, FBG: fasting blood glucose, T. Cholesterol: total cholesterol, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, CRP: C-reactive protein, ICU: intensive care unit, MV: mechanical ventilation, and CTSS: computerized tomography severity score.