Survival and Mortality in Hospitalized Children with COVID-19: A Referral Center Experience in Yazd, Iran
Table 1
Characteristics, clinical symptoms, and outcomes of children with COVID- 19 in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd.
Variables
Total (n = 183)
Survived (n = 159)
Deceased (n = 24)
Cramer’s V/Eta
value
Age
Median (IQR) mean (SD)
5.41 (9.42)
5.75 (9.09)
3.20 (11.85)
0.15
0.23
6.95 (5.59)
7.08 (5.56)
6.1 (5.83)
1 month–1 year
28.0 (15.30)
22.0 (13.8)
6.0 (25)
1 year–5 years
59.0 (32.2)
51.0 (31.2)
8.0 (33.3)
5 years–13 years
60.0 (32.8)
56.0 (32.2)
4.0 (16.7)
13 years–18 years
36.0 (19.7)
30.0 (18.9)
6.0 (25)
Sex
Boys
92.0 (50.3)
79.0 (49.7)
13.0 (54.2)
0.03
0.68
Girls
91.0 (49.7)
80.0 (50.3)
11.0 (45.8)
History of hospitalization
Yes
49.0 (26.8)
37.0 (23.3)
12.0 (50.0)
0.20
0.006
No
134.0 (73.2)
111.0 (76.7)
12.0 (50.0)
Fever
Preadmission
125.0 (67.7)
108.0 (76.6)
17.0 (77.3)
0.005
0.94
On admission
119.0 (68.8)
101.0 (66.9)
18.0 (81.8)
0.107
0.16
Cough
Preadmission
62.0 (46.3)
55.0 (46.2)
7.0 (46.7)
0.003
0.97
On admission
59.0 (34.1)
55.0 (36.4)
4.0 (18.2)
0.13
0.09
Vomiting
Preadmission
56.0 (40.3)
46.0 (38)
10.0 (55.6)
0.12
0.16
On admission
46.0 (26.6)
37.0 (24.5)
9.0 (40.9)
0.12
0.10
Diarrhea
Preadmission
54.0 (38.6)
48.0 (38.7)
6.0 (37.5)
0.008
0.92
On admission
47.0 (27.2)
40.0 (26.5)
7.0 (31.8)
0.04
0.60
Dyspnea
Preadmission
53.0 (47.7)
47.0 (47)
6.0 (54.5)
0.045
0.63
On admission
41.0 (23.7)
32.0 (21.2)
9.0 (40.9)
0.15
0.04
Fatigue
Preadmission
43.0 (23.5)
38.0 (23.9)
5.0 (20.8)
0.02
0.74
On admission
2.0 (1.1)
2.0 (1.3)
0.0 (0.0)
0.042
0.58
Poor feeding
Preadmission
38.0 (20.8)
35.0 (22)
3.0 (12.5)
0.08
0.28
On admission
17.0 (9.9)
14.0 (9.3)
3.0 (13.6)
0.048
0.53
Headache
Preadmission
25.0 (13.7)
25.0 (15.7)
0.0 (0.0)
0.15
0.04
On admission
16.0 (9.3)
15.0 (10.0)
1.0 (4.5)
0.063
0.41
Seizure
Preadmission
21.0 (11.5)
19.0 (11.9)
2.0 (8.3)
0.038
0.60
On admission
19.0 (10.4)
17.0 (10.8)
2.0 (8.3)
0.027
0.72
Agitation
Preadmission
19.0 (10.4)
16.0 (10.1)
3.0 (12.5)
0.027
0.71
On admission
7.0 (4.0)
5.0 (3.3)
2.0 (8.7)
0.093
0.22
Extremity pain/muscle pain
Preadmission
28.0 (15.3)
27.0 (17.0)
1.0 (4.2)
0.12
0.10
On admission
20.0 (11.4)
19.0 (12.5)
1.0 (4.2)
0.09
0.23
Sore throat
Preadmission
11.0 (16.2)
11.0 (18.3)
0.0 (0.0)
0.16
0.19
On admission
12.0 (6.9)
12.0 (7.9)
0.0 (0.0)
0.10
0.17
Respiratory rate
1 month–1 year
<51
—
—
—
—
≥51
12.0 (100)
9 (100)
3 (100)
1 year–5 years
<30
2.0 (5.4)
2.0 (6.3)
0.0 (0)
0.09
1.00
≥30
35.0 (94.6)
30.0 (93.8)
5.0 (100)
5 years–13 years
<25
7.0 (17.5)
7.0 (19.4)
0.0 (0)
0.15
0.23
≥25
33.0 (82.5)
29.0 (80.6)
4.0 (100)
13 years–18 years
<20
6.0 (40.0)
6.0 (50.0)
0.0 (0)
0.4
0.12
≥20
9.0 (60.0)
6.0 (50.0)
3.0 (100)
Systolic/diastolic blood pressure
1 month–1 year
≤105/66
20.0 (100)
16.0 (100)
4.0 (100)
—
—
>105/66
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
1 year–5 years
≤112/61
47.0 (88.7)
43.0 (93.5)
4.0 (57.0)
0.4
0.02
>112/61
6.0 (11.3)
3.0 (6.5)
3.0 (43.0)
5 years–13 years
≤128/88
48.0 (84.0)
44.0 (83.0)
4.0 (100)
0.12
1.00
>128/88
9.0 (16.0)
9.0 (17.0)
0.0 (0)
13 years–18 years
≤120/80
31.0 (100)
25.0 (100)
6.0 (100)
—
—
>120/80
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
PICU admission
Yes
60.0 (32.8)
38.0 (23.9)
22.0 (91.7)
0.49
<0.001
No
123.0 (67.2)
121.0 (76.1)
2.0 (8.3)
Underlying diseases
Yes
81.0 (45.5)
67.0 (42.0)
14.0 (58.5)
0.11
0.14
No
102.0 (54.5)
92.0 (58.0)
10.0 (41.5)
Underlying diseases (types)
Neurologic disease
24.0 (13.11)
21.0 (13.2)
3.0 (12.5)
0.24
0.72
Malignancies
15.0 (8.2)
10.0 (6.3)
5.0 (20.8)
Hematologic diseases
12.0 (6.5)
11.0 (7.0)
1.0 (4.2)
Cardiovascular diseases
7.0 (3.82)
6.0 (3.8)
1.0 (4.2)
Nephrological diseases
6.0 (25.0)
4.0 (2.5)
2.0 (8.33)
Respiratory diseases
5.0 (2.73)
4.0 (2.5)
1.0 (4.16)
Genetic diseases
5.0 (2.73)
4.0 (2.5)
1.0 (4.16)
Gastrointestinal diseases
4.0 (2.18)
3.0 (1.9)
1.0 (4.16)
CT findings
Normal
19.0 (23.2)
19.0 (27.5)
0.0 (0.0)
0.24
0.03
Abnormal
63.0 (76.8)
50.0 (72.5)
13.0 (100.0)
O2 saturation
≥94%
92.0 (68.7)
86.0 (71.7)
6.0 (42.9)
0.19
0.03
<94%
42.0 (31.3)
34.0 (28.3)
8.0 (57.1)
Intubation
Yes
10.0 (5.5)
2.0 (1.3)
8.0 (33.3)
0.48
<0.001
No
173.0 (94.5)
157.0 (98.7)
16.0 (66.7)
Ventilator support
Yes
13.0 (7.1)
3.0 (1.9)
10.0 (41.7)
0.52
<0.001
No
170.0 (92.9)
156.0 (98.1)
14.0 (83.3)
MIS-C
Yes
45.0 (24.6)
36.0 (22.6)
9.0 (37.5)
0.12
0.11
No
138.0 (75.4)
123.0 (77.4)
15.0 (62.5)
Length of hospital stay (day)
≤7
141.0 (77.0)
129.0 (81.1)
12.0 (50.0)
0.25
0.003
8–14
30.0 (16.4)
22.0 (13.8)
8.0 (33.3)
≥15
12.0 (6.6)
8.0 (5.0)
4.0 (16.7)
Severity
Not severe
94.0 (51.4)
91.0 (57.2)
3.0 (12.5)
0.42
<0.001
Severe
66.0 (36.1)
56.0 (35.2)
10.0 (41.7)
Critical
23.0 (12.6)
12.0 (7.5)
11.0 (45.8)
Frequency (%) was used for describing the categorical variables. The Cramer’s V, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests were used to measure the association between categorical variables and status.
