Exposure of Macrophages to Low-Dose Gadolinium-Based Contrast Medium: Impact on Oxidative Stress and Cytokines Production

Figure 5

Effect of gadolinium or GBCAs on the production of TNF-α, nitrate/nitrite, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 by the RAW 264.7 cells after the stimulation of LPS. RAW 264.7 cells were treated 24 h with 2.5 μM Gd chloride or GBCAs. The following cultures were stimulated for 4 or 24 h with 100 ng/ml or 1 μM LPS. The levels of TNF-α (a) were measured after treatment for 4 h and 24 h, and those of nitrite/nitrate (b) for 4 h, IL-10 (c) for 4 h, IL-6 (d) for 24 h, IL-1β (e) for 24 h, and PGE2 (f) for 24 h were measured. when compared with LPS only. # when compared with Gd chloride and LPS exposure (n = 3).

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