Preclinical: chronic focal EAE-like lesions were induced in rats via stereotactic intrastriatal injection of BCG and subsequent activation using an intradermal injection of BCG
Animals were then treated for 28 days with either fingolimod () or vehicle ()
Quantification of the binding of the radiotracer revealed a significant reduction in the BPND of 18F-GE180 after treatment with fingolimod.
Neuroinflammation TSPO
11C-PK11195
Clinical: 9 drug-naïve RRMS patients were scanned at baseline before initiating GA and again after 1 year of GA treatment
Immunomodulatory: GA 20 mg/d
Significantly decreased tracer BPND per unit volume 3.17% in whole brain between baseline and 1 year and especially in supratentorial brain, infratentorial brain, cerebral white matter, cortical grey matter, thalamus and putamen.
7 patients were scanned 2 months following the treatment initiation
5/7 patients showed a slight increase tracer DVR in NAWM during the first 2 months of fingolimod treatment.
6/7 patients showed a slight increase in cortical gray matter after 2 months.
MSA
Neuroinflammation TSPO
11C-PK11195
Clinical: 8 MSA-P patients: 3 with minocycline versus 5 in placebo arm
Tetracycline with anti-inflammatory effects: minocycline 200 mg/d
Compared to baseline, tracer BPND decreased in caudate nucleus, thalamus, midbrain and cerebellum for 2/3 treated patients after 24 weeks of minocycline.