Robotic Partial Nephrectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Navigation

Figure 4

(a) Imaging of (ii) renal tumor and it’s (i) feeding artery branch before application of ICG. (b) Perfusion of renal tumor and the area near to renal tumor with superselective arterial clamping after ICG injection. (c) The same renal tissue with ICG-imagined perfusion without superselective arterial clamping.

(a)

(b)

(c)