A General Latent Class Model for Performance Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests in the Absence of a Gold Standard: An Application to Chagas Disease
Table 6
Sensitivity and specificity of the six diagnostic tests according to each level of the three covariates obtained with model ModII .
Sensitivity
Specificity
Test
Covariates
Mean
P2.5%
P97.5%
Mean
P2.5%
P97.5%
ELISA
General
0.9925
0.9537
0.9998
0.9589
0.8577
0.9940
AGE- 30 years
0.9877
0.9261
0.9998
0.9919
0.9614
0.9993
AGE- > 30 years
0.9953
0.9704
0.9999
0.7952
0.5007
0.9647
GEN-male
0.9876
0.9255
0.9998
0.9941
0.9771
0.9994
GEN-female
0.9953
0.9707
0.9999
0.7604
0.3585
0.9609
RFE-no
0.9878
0.9252
0.9998
0.9941
0.9740
0.9994
RFE-yes
0.9952
0.9713
0.9999
0.7592
0.3625
0.9566
IIF
General
0.9913
0.9472
0.9999
0.9936
0.9529
0.9999
AGE- 30 years
0.9856
0.9112
0.9998
0.9987
0.9928
1
AGE- > 30 years
0.9945
0.9677
0.9999
0.9605
0.7202
0.9996
GEN-male
0.9860
0.9128
0.9998
0.9991
0.9940
1
GEN-female
0.9943
0.9650
0.9999
0.9559
0.6674
0.9996
RFE-no
0.9856
0.9171
0.9998
0.9991
0.9937
1
RFE-yes
0.9945
0.9650
0.9999
0.9561
0.6845
0.9996
IHA
General
0.9912
0.9406
0.9998
0.9930
0.9468
1
AGE- 30 years
0.9852
0.9038
0.9997
0.9988
0.9924
1
AGE- > 30 years
0.9945
0.9667
0.9999
0.9588
0.7063
0.9997
GEN-male
0.9858
0.9087
0.9997
0.9990
0.9932
1
GEN-female
0.9943
0.9638
0.9999
0.9570
0.6813
0.9997
RFE-no
0.9855
0.8989
0.9997
0.9990
0.9920
1
RFE-yes
0.9945
0.9619
0.9999
0.9560
0.6992
0.9997
HEMO
General
0.3782
0.3140
0.4442
1
1
1
AGE- 30 years
0.2959
0.1936
0.4110
1
1
1
AGE- > 30 years
0.4715
0.3537
0.6006
1
1
1
GEN-male
0.4014
0.3328
0.4677
1
1
1
GEN-female
0.4467
0.3511
0.5396
1
1
1
RFE-no
0.3116
0.2077
0.4275
1
1
1
RFE-yes
0.4526
0.3317
0.5823
1
1
1
c-ELISA
General
0.9911
0.9461
0.9998
0.8703
0.7333
0.9513
AGE- 30 years
0.9853
0.9055
0.9997
0.9747
0.9179
0.9951
AGE- > 30 years
0.9944
0.9630
0.9999
0.5181
0.2540
0.8044
GEN-male
0.9861
0.9189
0.9997
0.9795
0.9360
0.9954
GEN-female
0.9941
0.9625
0.9999
0.4744
0.1936
0.7790
RFE-no
0.9858
0.9175
0.9997
0.9791
0.9345
0.9955
RFE-yes
0.9942
0.9605
0.9999
0.4805
0.1946
0.7862
rec-ELISA
General
0.9908
0.9435
0.9998
0.9941
0.9591
1
AGE- 30 years
0.9886
0.9294
0.9998
0.9990
0.9939
1
AGE- > 30 years
0.9923
0.9558
0.9999
0.9606
0.7286
0.9996
GEN-male
0.9848
0.9129
0.9997
0.9991
0.9940
1
GEN-female
0.9942
0.9659
0.9999
0.9588
0.6933
0.9997
RFE-no
0.9851
0.9073
0.9997
0.9992
0.9944
1
RFE-yes
0.9941
0.9646
0.9999
0.9590
0.7259
0.9997
P2.5%: 2.5th percentile; P97.5%: 97.5th percentile; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IIF: indirect immunofluorescence; IHA: indirect hemagglutination; HEMO: blood culture; c-ELISA: conventional ELISA using the Biomanguinhos kit; rec-ELISA (recombinant ELISA using the Biomanguinhos kit and CRA and FRA antigens); AGE-age (30, >30 years); GEN-gender (male, female); RFE-presence of at least two of three risk factors epidemiological (origin from an endemic region, contact with the vector transmitting the disease, and family history of Chagas’ disease).
