A Simplified 3D Model of Whole Heart Electrical Activity and 12-Lead ECG Generation

Figure 2

Frontal views of model showing placement of all ECG leads. (a) ECG electrodes are placed at the four corners of the torso, yielding surface potentials (𝑉) of the right arm (𝑉_𝑅), the left arm (𝑉_𝐿), the left leg (𝑉_𝐹), and the right leg (𝑉_GND). Additional six precordial leads, 𝑉₁,𝑉₂,𝑉₃,𝑉₄,𝑉₅,  and  𝑉₆, were placed at the chest near the heart. (b) The seven electrodes (𝐴, 𝐶, 𝐸, 𝐹, 𝐻, 𝐼 anteriorly, and 𝑀 posteriorly) are placed to form a Frank lead system for determining orthogonal 𝑋, 𝑌, and 𝑍 components for the vectorcardiogram.

(a)

(b)