Research Article
Estimation of Phoneme-Specific HMM Topologies for the Automatic Recognition of Dysarthric Speech
Table 6
HMM assignations obtained by the micro-GA for the phonemes of each dysarthric speaker.
| | | Phonemes | FB | MH | BB | LL | JF | RL | RK | BK | BV | SC | | | Type | States | Type | States | Type | States | Type | States | Type | States | Type | States | Type | States | Type | States | Type | States | Type | States |
| | 1 | “aa” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 11 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 2 | “ae” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Ergodic | 7 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 3 | “ah” | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Ergodic | 8 | Bakis-2 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Ergodic | 7 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 4 | “ao” | Ergodic | 8 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 5 | “aw” | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-2 | 8 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 6 | “ay” | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 7 | “eh” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 8 | “er” | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Ergodic | 10 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 9 | “ey” | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 7 | | 10 | “ih” | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Ergodic | 8 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 11 | “iy” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-2 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 12 | “ow” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-2 | 6 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 4 | | 13 | “oy” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 9 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 11 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 14 | “uh” | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-2 | 11 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 15 | “uw” | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 8 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 9 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Ergodic | 10 | Bakis-1 | 7 | | 16 | “b” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 4 | | 17 | “ch” | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 6 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Ergodic | 5 | Bakis-1 | 7 | | 18 | “d” | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Ergodic | 11 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-2 | 9 | Bakis-1 | 3 | | 19 | “dh” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Ergodic | 10 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 20 | “f” | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Ergodic | 8 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 21 | “g” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Ergodic | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | | 22 | “hh” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Ergodic | 10 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 23 | “jh” | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Ergodic | 9 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 6 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 24 | “k” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Ergodic | 6 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 25 | “l” | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 7 | | 26 | “m” | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-2 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Ergodic | 7 | Bakis-1 | 7 | | 27 | “n” | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-2 | 3 | Bakis-2 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-2 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 28 | “ng” | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Ergodic | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | | 29 | “p” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Ergodic | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Ergodic | 11 | Bakis-1 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 30 | “r” | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-2 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 7 | | 31 | “s” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 8 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 32 | “sh” | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Ergodic | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 33 | “t” | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-2 | 9 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 34 | “th” | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 35 | “v” | Bakis-1 | 8 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-2 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-2 | 5 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 36 | “w” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 11 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-2 | 11 | Bakis-2 | 10 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 37 | “y” | Bakis-1 | 5 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-2 | 9 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Ergodic | 10 | Bakis-2 | 11 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 38 | “z” | Bakis-1 | 11 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 7 | Bakis-2 | 7 | Bakis-1 | 5 | | 39 | “zh” | Bakis-2 | 11 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 4 | Bakis-1 | 5 | Ergodic | 6 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 6 | Ergodic | 7 | Bakis-1 | 6 | | 40 | “sil” | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 | Bakis-1 | 3 |
| |
No. Bakis-1 | 37 | | 40 | | 40 | | 40 | | 40 | | 13 | | 37 | | 36 | | 3 | | 40 | | |
No. Bakis-2 | 2 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 14 | | 3 | | 2 | | 30 | | 0 | | |
No. Ergodic | 1 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 13 | | 0 | | 2 | | 7 | | 0 | |
| |
Average No. States | | 5.33 | | 3.15 | | 4.45 | | 4.33 | | 4.18 | | 6.88 | | 3.30 | | 6.40 | | 7.95 | | 5.48 | |
Standard Deviation | | 2.14 | | 0.66 | | 1.04 | | 0.62 | | 0.71 | | 2.55 | | 1.18 | | 1.55 | | 2.77 | | 1.04 |
| | No. Gaussian Mixtures | 6 | | 6 | | 6 | | 6 | | 7 | | 12 | | 6 | | 6 | | 16 | | 7 | |
|
|
