The Application of Computer Musculoskeletal Modeling and Simulation to Investigate Compressive Tibiofemoral Force and Muscle Functions in Obese Children

Table 2

Body weight normalized joint loading and muscle forces (mean ± standard deviation).

	Obese	Normal	𝑃
CTF (×BW)	1.84±0.24	2.49±0.45	0.003
Hamstring (×BW)	0.47±0.07	0.60±0.07	0.002
Quadriceps (×BW)	0.98±0.26	1.53±0.52	0.019
Gastrocnemius (×BW)	0.38±0.12	0.57±0.08	0.003

CTF: compressive tibiofemoral force; BW: body weight.